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  • The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    The pet community has jumped head-first into yet another social-media-fueled panic about certain pet food brands. Once again, misinformation is spreading, rampantly! The now-closed Hill’s Science Diet Recall 1 for Vitamin D has been brought up by concerned pet parents and influencers as “proof” of a bigger problem, and I wanted more information.

    A Facebook group, led by a pet owner who claims to have been the lead plaintiff in (and “won”) the lawsuit against Hill’s Science Diet, utilizes its platform to advocate for raw and “natural” diets for pets.

    The group actively discourages members from trusting veterinarians and feeding kibble, likening it to “playing Russian Roulette with your pet“. They openly criticize brands like Hill’s, Purina, and Royal Canin, alleging they contain fillers and toxins that primarily serve the companies’ financial interests.

    That was a mouthful, but it’s important in the context of this story.

    This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Hill’s vitamin D recall, including the reasons behind the recall and why it may have been blown out of proportion.

    • Hill’s Science Diet Recall information
    • The Hill’s Class Action Lawsuit for Vitamin D (and how it was resolved)
    • How many pets were harmed by Hill’s Science Diet
    • How many pets died because of Hill’s Vitamin D Recall
    • Pet food manufacturing quality control
    Hill's Science Diet Recall

    Background on Hill’s Pet Nutrition

    Hill’s Pet Nutrition is a well-established brand known for producing premium pet foods, including heavily researched therapeutic “prescription” diets recommended by veterinarians for various health conditions. With an average 2023 revenue of over $4 Billion U.S.D., they are a major player in the pet food market.

    The company invests significantly in state-of-the-art research facilities. It employs a team of veterinarians, veterinary nutritionists, and scientists dedicated to advancing the understanding of pet health and nutrition.

    One of Hill’s most notable research facilities is the Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center in Topeka, Kansas.

    This cutting-edge facility spans over 80 acres and is equipped with laboratories and top-of-the-line animal housing areas where humane controlled feeding studies are conducted.

    Few brands meet this commitment to research and the advancement of nutrition.

    While it does elevate them above many other pet food brands, this doesn’t make Hill’s Science Diet exempt from mistakes.

    6

    The Hill’s Science Diet Recall for Vitamin D

    In January 2019, Hill’s Pet Nutrition received a complaint about possible Vitamin D toxicity in a dog that had eaten Hill’s canned dog food.

    Hill’s Science Diet investigated and then quickly alerted the FDA that they were issuing a voluntary recall of select canned dog foods due to elevated levels of vitamin D.

    A recall was issued on January 31st, 2019.

    “Following that recall, we conducted a detailed review of all canned dog foods potentially impacted by the vitamin premix with elevated levels of vitamin D. This review included: analyzing consumer complaints; reviewing veterinarian medical consultations; auditing our supplier; and reviewing our own manufacturing and quality procedures. We then did additional product testing to ensure we had taken all appropriate action.“

    Hill’s Science Diet Press Release

    Hill’s indicates in their press release that a “limited number of complaints” came in. Not thousands.

    Elevated levels of vitamin D2 can lead to potential health issues in pets, including symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, excessive drooling, and weight loss. In some cases, it can lead to death.

    A pet’s size and overall health affect its capacity to metabolize excessive amounts of Vitamin D.

    Following the initial recall, the FDA requested that Hill’s Science Diet conduct testing on their retention samples. Retention samples refer to portions of each production lot that are retained at the testing facility in the event of any potential issues arising.

    “Testing leading up to the January recall and the March and May recall expansions found that samples of the dog food contained excessive, potentially toxic amounts of vitamin D.”

    U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

    Of course, this is a scenario that should never happen, however, it did. There is no disputing that Hill’s Science Diet distributed contaminated food and that some dogs were made sick by it.

    I’ll dig into that more, below.

    7

    Hill’s Science Diet Recall Timeline

    Here is a timeline of events related to the vitamin D recall:

    January 2019 – Hill’s Science Diet Received a report of a pet sick with possible Vitamin D toxicity

    January 30th, 2019 – DSM Nutritional Products, the supplier of the vitamin pre-mix used in Hill’s Science Diet, issued a recall for the ingredient3. A single employee had included an extra drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the mix.

    January 31st, 2019 – Hill’s Pet Nutrition Voluntarily Recalls Select Canned Dog Food4 for Excessive Vitamin D.

    February 1st, 2019 – The FDA started inspections of the pet food manufacturing facility.

    February 2019 – A media frenzy ensued, with countless pet owners anecdotally reporting on social media that their pet had been sick from eating Hill’s Science Diet of all kinds (including kibble) up to a year prior. (This is reminiscent of the questionable 2023-2024 “Purina Panic”).

    Many of these reports lacked solid evidence, as pet owners attributed various ailments without providing full context.

    February 11th, 2019 – One lawsuit of many, Bone et. al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. et. al.5 1:19-cv-00831 is filed. The text of the lawsuit indicates a belief that “As a result of online consumer complaints, Hill’s thus knew or should have known of the elevated vitamin D levels in the Specialty Dog Foods by at least February of 2018.”

    The lawsuit alleges that Hill’s Science Diet knowingly sold toxic food for an extended period, including dry pet foods that were not part of the recall. The plaintiffs claim their evidence for this assertion stems from anecdotal consumer reports observed on social media.

    February 11th, 2019 – The FDA tested two samples of Hills Prescription Diet Digestive Care i/d Low Fat (SKU Number 10423). The results showed:

    Lot code T1911124 3912 had: 100,170 to 107,282 IU/kg of vitamin D

    Lot code T1911125 3912, had 102,829 to 102,346 IU/kg of vitamin D

    Scientific literature suggests that concentrations exceeding 4,000 IU/kg of dry matter can induce symptoms, with higher levels correlating with more severe health problems and the potential for death.

    There is no question that some pets were harmed by this.

    March 20, 2019 – The recall is expanded to include additional formulas, following the testing of retention samples. Some of those formulas had not yet been distributed, and thus, posed no harm to pets.

    Hill’s Science Diet states that they have “received a limited number of complaints of pet illness related to some of these products.”

    May 17, 2019 – An additional lot code is added to the recall list when it was discovered to have been left off the March recall in error.

    All told, one source I found indicated that 86 total lots of 33 varieties of Hill’s Canned Pet Foods were recalled.

    That’s 675,000 cases—or 13.5 million cans

    November 2019 – A warning letter from the FDA nailed Hill’s Science Diet for failing to follow Hazard and Risk-Analysis prevention.

    “During our inspection of your facility, FDA Investigators noted violations of the Hazard Analysis and Risk- Based Preventive Controls requirements for animal food found in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 507, subpart C (21 CFR part 507, subpart C).“

    FDA Warning Letter to Hill’s Science Diet, November, 20196

    Some, but not all of the foods were part of the “prescription” line. No dry food or treats were affected.

    The Hill’s Vitamin D Recall was terminated on 12/21/2021, indicating that the company had responded satisfactorily and that there was no more threat to pet health.

    Hill’s Science Diet made some major errors leading up to the recall.

    21

    How Did Hill’s Science Diet End Up With Too Much Vitamin D?

    The manufacturing process involves the addition of specific vitamins and minerals to ensure the nutritional balance of the pet food.

    The elevated levels of vitamin D in Hill’s Science Diet products during the recall were attributed to a supplier error in the vitamin pre-mix that was used. 7

    A pre-mix should contain the correct levels of each nutrient, however, in this case, something was wrong.

    An Employee at DSM Nutrition Products, the maker of the vitamin package used by Hill’s Science Diet pet food, had supposedly poured a drum of Vitamin D, instead of Vitamin E, into the batch of pre-mix.

    Veterinary Information Network8

    How Hill’s Science Diet specifically missed the elevated vitamin in numerous lots remains to be understood. Understandably, this has caused many pet parents and veterinarians to lose trust in the company.

    Regrettably, pet owners are left to speculate, and the speculations propagated by influencers and bloggers in this field have led to significant levels of panic, fear, and misinformation regarding the topic.

    Hill’s Science Diet asserts that they have revised their criteria for third-party ingredient suppliers and have enforced more rigorous testing and safety standards internally. The issue should never have happened and Hill’s Science Diet deserves some fallout from the veterinary and pet community.

    As with many things like this, however, there is no proof of an ongoing, or widespread issue involving “thousands of deaths”.

    12

    How Many Pets Were Harmed by the Hill’s Vitamin D Recall?

    The exact number of pets affected by the Hill’s Vitamin D recall is challenging to ascertain.

    While Hill’s initially reported receiving complaints related to approximately 0.1% of their product volume, the actual number of pets harmed remains uncertain.

    Pet owners across various regions reported instances of illness and, tragically, some deaths potentially linked to elevated Vitamin D levels in Hill’s pet food. Many claim, online, to have experienced harm up to a year before the recall. Certain people outright blamed any foods in Hill’s product line, including cat food and kibbles that were not part of the recall.

    However, without comprehensive reporting mechanisms or centralized data collection, determining the precise extent of harm inflicted on pets is difficult.

    There is no published proof that excessive levels of Vitamin D harmed or killed “thousands of pets” as is commonly reported.

    Hill’s Science Diet addressed complaints and, upon receiving evidence from pet owners such as purchase receipts and veterinary records, willingly covered veterinary expenses related to any verifiable illnesses attributed to their products.

    Several unverifiable online reports assert that certain individuals were “offered only $5 or $10 coupons as compensation for their pet’s demise.” It is reasonable to surmise that these individuals may have lacked evidence substantiating their assertion that Hill’s food was responsible for their pet’s health issues.

    In simpler terms, there is a possibility that they attributed the issues to food not included in the recall, had no veterinary records, or their pet’s records indicated a conflicting diagnosis unrelated to the food in question. Hill’s Science Diet pet food doesn’t have a responsibility to pay veterinary bills for those people.

    Author’s Note: If you suspect your pet has been made sick by food, especially if there is a recall of that food, see a veterinarian! Get a diagnosis showing that the food caused your pet’s health condition. Save the food in its original container, and report your case to both the manufacturer and the FDA.

    Avoid online speculation and at-home diagnosis, as these things are hard to receive compensation for if damages are legitimately due.

    Some pet owners with verifiable claims declined to receive assistance and compensation from Hill’s and instead, filed lawsuits (35 of which were combined into a single class action that resulted in a settlement. More on this below).

    At its core, the class-action settlement did little more than award some lawyers a payment of cash, and worse, delayed pet owners receiving payment to cover their veterinary expenses.

    What’s more, there is no proof that any of the more egregious claims made by the lawsuits (such as Hill’s “knowingly” selling contaminated food and hiding the truth from consumers) were true.

    1

    The Bone vs. Hill’s Lawsuit

    As mentioned earlier, one of the plaintiffs involved in Hill’s Class Action lawsuit surrounding the vitamin D incident has become a significant influencer in the world of Holistic pet care.

    Her 13-year-old dog Duncan was suffering from pancreatitis when her veterinarian recommended a Hill’s diet to help with his symptoms. Pancreatitis is a common condition with a range of causes, including poor diet, obesity, genetics, and certain medications.

    The diet she fed to alleviate his pancreatitis symptoms was recalled two weeks after her dog died. Her veterinarian said that his enzymes were elevated, but not enough to kill him. Despite this, his health declined quickly and he was put to sleep. She had a very valid claim against the Hill’s food, as it likely contributed to his early death.

    His owner sought a minimum of $13,500 to cover her veterinary bills and the cost of replacing him with a new service dog. I was unable to determine how much of the final settlement she received.

    According to her lawsuit, which was filed jointly with two other plaintiffs who had legitimate claims against the food itself, she asserted a belief that Hill’s Science Diet was aware of the excessive vitamin D in the product and had delayed initiating a recall.

    Here is an excerpt from her lawsuit against the company, outlining one of the claims for which she sought damages:

    “Dogs that consumed Hill’s products which are not yet part of the recall are exhibiting symptoms of vitamin D toxicity. For example, Plaintiffs have heard complaints from a number of consumers whose dogs ate dry dog food (rather than canned dog food) sold under the Hill’s Prescription Diet and Science Diet brand names and who reported that their dogs’ symptoms are consistent with vitamin D toxicity. Thus, it appears that Hill’s has recalled only a subset of its affected Specialty Dog Foods.”

    From Bone et. al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc. et. al.

    This assertion lacks concrete evidence, relying solely on unsubstantiated information gathered through social media platforms. It necessitates readers to assume that both the FDA and Hill’s Science Diet were intentionally concealing a known problem and that they didn’t investigate claims.

    When you hear people say that “Hill’s dragged their feet” or “waited 6 months to recall contaminated food“, this is where that information is coming from.

    However, without a court judgment, verifiable proof, or official statements from credible sources, such claims remain speculative and should be approached with caution.

    The plaintiff-turned-influencer often claims to have “won her case” against Hill’s, but the truth is that her lawsuit, along with others similar to hers, were consolidated into a single case. That class-action suit (more info below) ultimately led to a settlement agreed upon by both parties, not a judgment.

    Additionally, the judge ruled that her claims related to dog and cat food not covered in the settlement were excluded. She did not “win” this part of her argument.

    “The cat and dry dog food-related claims included in Bone, et al. v. Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., et al., No. 19-CV-02284-JAR-TJJ, are expressly excluded from this Settlement”

    Hill’s Class Action Settlement

    That was several years ago now (2021), and there is no evidence to suggest that she has pursued these claims in a new lawsuit, let alone one with a viable argument supported by fair and verifiable evidence.

    8

    The Hill’s Class Action Settlement of $12.5 Million

    Several smaller lawsuits, including Bone v. Hill’s, were combined into one class action, which led to a settlement.

    A settlement in a class action lawsuit refers to an agreement reached between the parties involved in the case, typically the plaintiffs (representing a class of individuals) and the defendant (usually a company or entity). This agreement resolves the legal dispute without the need for a trial.

    As outlined in this court document9, the lawsuit progressed through legal channels, eventually culminating in an agreement between the parties involved. The settlement, valued at $12.5 million, aimed to provide financial relief to affected pet owners and underscored Hill’s Pet Nutrition’s acknowledgment of its responsibility in the matter.

    The settlement funds were allocated to reimburse pet owners for veterinary expenses related to the recall and to provide refunds for the purchase of the recalled products.

    4 million dollars of the settlement were allocated towards legal fees and counsel.

    In a settlement, all representing parties must agree to the terms.

    Thus, the plaintiffs agreed to accept a $12.5 million payout to satisfy the harm done to their pets by Hill’s mistake.

    While some may argue that the settlement amount is insufficient, it’s important to note that without evidence of additional harm, Hill’s couldn’t be deemed accountable.

    Two members of the class action formerly objected to the settlement. One of them failed to both substantiate her claim and submit a timely objection (Swaim), while the other (Hawley) was overruled with the following commentary:

    “While a class member may wish to receive an unlimited amount of money from a settlement, that wish does not make the settlement unfair, inadequate, or unreasonable.”

    https://www.classaction.org/media/bone-et-al-v-hills-pet-nutrition-inc-et-al.pdf

    Anyone can make a claim or initiate a lawsuit, but only those supported by credible evidence can substantiate their case. Anecdotal online reports, lacking concrete proof, do not constitute evidence.

    12 1

    Purina Dog Food & Viral Social Panic

    This is the same thing we are seeing play out yet again with Purina in 2023-2024. A single, since-debunked viral post of heavy metals in the food sparked a public outcry where thousands of pet owners began claiming that Purina food harmed their pets.

    A considerable number of pets reportedly affected by Purina dog and cat food did not receive veterinary care, and if they did, their diagnoses were unrelated to food-related issues.

    Calls for recalls and class action lawsuits gained momentum as individuals initiated these actions based on their at-home diagnoses, attributing their pets’ conditions to the food. They don’t have toxicology reports or proof of these claims, and multiple laboratory results showed that their claims were without merit.

    The outcry is isolated to members of the social media group that is, of course, run by the “former Plaintiff from the Hill’s Recall that won her case“.

    While we can understand and empathize with her heartache, it’s important to note that there is a lot more to this story.

    5

    Notable Vitamin D Recalls in Pet Food

    Several other pet food brands have faced recalls for elevated levels of vitamin D in their products, contributing to a broader concern within the pet food industry.

    Some notable brands that have issued recalls for vitamin D include:

    1. Sunshine Mills: In November 2018, Sunshine Mills, Inc. (Evolve, Sportsman’s Pride, Triumph) issued a voluntary recall 10 of several varieties of dog foods due to elevated levels of vitamin D, which were potentially harmful to pets.
    2. Nutrisca: In December 2018, Nutrisca issued a voluntary recall 11 of its dry dog food products due to elevated levels of vitamin D, which could cause health issues in pets. The recall was later expanded.12
    3. Lidl (Orlando brand): In April 2019, Lidl, as part of an expansion of the Sunshine Mills recall, recalled specific lots of its Orlando brand Grain-Free Chicken13 & Chickpea Superfood Recipe Dog Food due to elevated levels of vitamin D.
    4. Simply Nourish: In August 2021 Simply Nourish recalled 51,000 packages of frozen dog food14, due to excess vitamin D.
    5. Fromm Family Foods: In October 2021, Fromm Family Foods issued a voluntary recall of select canned dog food products15 due to elevated levels of vitamin D. The affected products included certain 12 oz. cans of Fromm Gold Chicken Pate Dog Food and Fromm Gold Salmon & Chicken Pate Dog Food.
    6. Nutrisource: In October 2021, Nutrisource (Tuffy’s) Pet Food issued a voluntary recall 16for certain lots of Pura Vita Tetra Pak Dog food.
    7. Purina Pro Plan Elemental: In February 2023, Purina voluntarily recalled some of their EL Elemental17 prescription dry food for elevated levels of Vitamin D.

    This leads us to the question of “why”?

    Pet food companies have a responsibility to ensure the safety and quality of their products through rigorous testing and monitoring protocols. Vitamin D levels, like other essential nutrients, must be carefully controlled during the manufacturing process to prevent potential health risks to pets.

    Some smaller pet food companies have questionable testing protocols, and may easily overlook something like this (hence the reason that “no recalls” is not always a positive thing).

    For large companies that produce food for millions of pets and perform thousands of quality checks each day during production, bigger questions arise about how something like that goes overlooked.

    Typically, it’s an issue with the ingredient at the supplier level. We saw this with the Pentobarbital recalls and the melamine recalls, too.

    That doesn’t make it ok, though. Call your pet food companies! Ask them what testing they do on the ingredients before, during, and after production. Find out if they manufacture their food, or outsource it to a large co-packing facility where they have less control over the final product.

    Ongoing pressure from pet owners, as well as research and development efforts, can further enhance quality control measures, ensuring continuous improvement in pet food safety standards.

    4

    Was the Hill’s Vitamin D Issue Blown Out of Proportion?

    While any product recall can understandably cause concern among consumers, some argue that Hill’s vitamin D recall may have been blown out of proportion for several reasons:

    Limited Impact

    The recall affected specific varieties of canned dog foods (around 4% of the product line), and the vast majority of Hill’s products were not implicated. There are no verifiable reports of harm from other products.

    While there may have been many pets affected in some way by the excess Vitamin D, their symptoms would have resolved when they were no longer fed the contaminated food. Ideally, those pet parents submitted claims to Hill’s Science Diet or participated in the lawsuit as a means to recover their veterinary bills.

    Some pets may have suffered fatalities directly linked to the contaminated canned food; however, there is no documented evidence supporting the notion of widespread harm.

    While acknowledging the inexcusable nature of the deaths of those pets, it is essential to base our understanding on verifiable facts and comprehensive data rather than anecdotal reports to form a clear and accurate assessment of the overall impact of the situation.

    Lack of Proof

    While various claims have circulated regarding the supposed harm to pets and perceived deficiencies in Hill’s Science Diet’s management of the food recall, it’s imperative to underscore the absence of verified evidence backing the idea of widespread harm or negligence.

    Many blogs and influencers have crafted a narrative that may amplify concerns, yet it’s essential to approach these accounts critically and rely on concrete evidence rather than anecdotal information.

    Without substantiated facts, it’s challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the extent of harm or any alleged negligence in this matter. I encourage readers to maintain a balanced perspective and rely on credible sources for a comprehensive understanding of the situation.

    Proactive Measures

    Rather than downplaying the issue, Hill’s did take proactive measures to address the manufacturing error and ensure the safety of pets consuming their products.

    While this issue should have never happened in the first place, Hill’s Science Diet did take steps to remedy the problem and change the practices that led to it happening.

    Understandably, some people may doubt the sincerity of those measures taken by Hill’s Science Diet. However, despite any skepticism, sales of Hill’s Science Diet have consistently increased each year.

    This upward trend suggests that consumers and veterinarians place their trust in the brand. This continued patronage could stem from various factors, including the brand’s long-standing reputation, quality assurance measures, and effective communication efforts regarding product safety and improvements.

    Ultimately, the sustained growth in sales reflects a level of confidence and satisfaction among consumers and veterinary professionals with Hill’s Science Diet products.

    In my view, I would confidently choose to feed Hill’s Science Diet, particularly after the thorough research conducted for this blog post. The process revealed several misconceptions I previously held about the entire situation. I feel a sense of relief about this now, and I hope that my reporting helps others do the same.

    Disclaimer: This blog post provides a general overview of Hill’s class action lawsuit and should not be construed as legal advice. For specific legal inquiries or concerns, please consult with a qualified attorney.

    Footnotes

    1. “FDA Alerts Pet Owners and Veterinarians About Potentially Toxic Levels of Vitamin D in 33 Varieties of Hill’s Canned Dog Food in Expanded Recall” ↩︎
    2. FDA Vitamin D Toxicity in Dogs ↩︎
    3. DSM Nutritional Products Recalls Vitamin Pre-Mix Used in Hill’s Pet Food ↩︎
    4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “Hill’s Pet Nutrition Voluntarily Recalls Select Canned Dog Food for Excessive Vitamin D.” FDA.gov ↩︎
    5. Bone vs. Hill’s Pet Nutrition Lawsuit ↩︎
    6. FDA Warning Letter to Hill’s Science Diet, November 2019 ↩︎
    7. Hill’s Science Diet Press Release “2019 Voluntary Canned Dog Food Recall: United States” ↩︎
    8. Veterinary Information Network: “Supplier identified in Hill’s pet food vitamin D-related recalls” ↩︎
    9. Hill’s Class Action Settlement Case No. 2:19-md-02887-JAR-TJJ ↩︎
    10. “Sunshine Mills, Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    11. “Nutrisca Issues Recall of Dry Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    12. Nutrisca “Natural Life Pet Products Expands Recall of Dry Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    13. “In Association With Sunshine Mills, LIDL Voluntarily Recalls Orlando Brand Grain Free Chicken & Chickpea Superfood Recipe Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    14. “Wet Noses Natural Dog Treat Company® Voluntarily Recalls Simply Nourish Brand Frozen Dog Food Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    15. “Fromm Family Foods Voluntarily Recalls Four Star Shredded Entrée Canned Food for Dogs Due to Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    16. “Tuffy’s Pet Foods; Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of a Limited Quantity of Pure Vita Salmon Entrée Dog Food in a Tetrapak Carton Due to Potentially Elevated Levels of Vitamin D” ↩︎
    17. “Nestlé Purina Petcare Company Voluntarily Recalls Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets El Elemental Dry Dog Food in the U.S. Due to Potentially Elevated Vitamin D” ↩︎
  • I Found a Stray Dog, What Should I Do?

    I Found a Stray Dog, What Should I Do?

    Coming across a stray dog can stir up various emotions and uncertainties. You’re compelled to help, but you might not be sure where to start or what actions to take. If you’ve found yourself in this situation, this article is here to provide you with guidance on safely capturing the stray dog (feel free to skip ahead if you’ve already completed this step) and navigating the next steps.

    This article will cover:

    • How to capture a stray dog
    • Contacting Animal Control and when to surrender the stray pet
    • Finding the owners with microchip scanning and local resources
    • Preventing dog bites and aggression
    • Minimizing the chance of exposing your family and your pets to parasites and illness
    • How to handle stray or abandoned dogs that are tied up
    • Whether or not you can keep a stray dog if the owners are not found
    5 1

    How to Capture a Stray Dog that Doesn’t Want to Be Caught

    Capturing a stray dog that is hesitant or unwilling to be caught requires patience, empathy, and strategic planning.

    Start by creating a safe and inviting environment to entice the dog to approach. Try and lure the dog to you with canned dog food.

    Humane traps (like this one) can be effective tools for capturing elusive strays. These traps are designed to safely and securely contain the dog without causing harm. If you don’t have one or don’t want to invest, contact your local animal control.

    Place the trap in an area where the dog has been spotted, baiting it with enticing food such as wet dog food or meat. Monitor the trap from a distance, allowing the dog to enter and trigger the trap mechanism.

    If getting a humane trap isn’t an option, consider a makeshift trap! Find a way to lure and then corner the dog into a smaller area. The space between a shed and a fence, for example, can work! Use steak to make that spot appealing, then stand by out of sight. Close it off as soon as the dog enters.

    Approaching a Stray Dog

    Approach the stray dog calmly, avoiding sudden movements. Speak gently and use non-threatening body language to help the dog feel safe and comfortable. Crouch and turn your body to the side whenever possible, and keep your hands and arms close to your body.

    Do not make eye contact with the dog. Sigh, yawn, and turn your head away to show the dog you are not interested in harming them.

    If you think you can catch the lost dog without a trap, a slip lead is your best friend.

    You can use high-value treats or canned food to lure the dog close if needed. Remember, many stray dogs are skittish and may run into traffic to stay away from you. Don’t be afraid to call animal control if you cannot quickly and safely capture the dog.

    Use a slip leash (like this one) or makeshift restraint to prevent the dog from running off or getting into danger. Keep in mind that even friendly dogs may become anxious or scared in unfamiliar surroundings, so handle the dog with care.

    If the dog seems aggressive, don’t get close. Instead, call animal control.

    (Pro Tip: I keep inexpensive slip leads in my car and around my home in case of emergencies).

    3 1

    Assessing the Condition of a Lost Dog

    Start by assessing the dog’s condition, behavior, and surroundings to gauge the urgency of the situation. Take note of the dog’s appearance, behavior, and surroundings. Is the dog injured or in distress? Is it wearing a collar with identification tags? Does it seem aggressive or fearful?

    If the dog appears to have large nipples, puppies may be nearby and are worth looking for as well.

    Assessing these factors will help you determine the level of urgency and the best approach to take.

    Check the Lost Dog For Identification

    Look for a collar with identification tags.

    If there are no tags or they’re illegible, you can try scanning the dog for a microchip using a microchip scanner. Many veterinary clinics, animal shelters, and animal control agencies offer this service for free. Call them first and let them know you have a stray dog.

    Contact Animal Control or a Shelter

    Reach out to your local animal control agency or shelter for assistance and guidance on what to do next. They can guide you and may be able to send someone to pick up the dog if you’re unable to keep it temporarily. Be prepared to describe the dog and its location, as well as any relevant information about its behavior and condition.

    Provide Temporary Care, If You Can

    If you’re unable to reach animal control or a shelter for advice, you may need (or want) to provide temporary care for the stray dog. This could include providing food and water, finding a safe place for it to rest, and keeping it away from hazards like busy roads or other animals.

    Keep in mind that while you may have the best intentions, it’s important to prioritize your safety and the safety of others when caring for a stray dog.

    I’ve included some information below on keeping your home safe from dog aggression, parasites, and diseases that may be introduced by dogs that have been on the run for a while.

    Seek Veterinary Care

    If the dog appears injured or ill, seek veterinary care as soon as possible to address any health issues. In some situations, you may be asked to pay the fees associated with this care. Many veterinary clinics offer discounted or subsidized services for stray animals, so don’t hesitate to reach out for help.

    You can surrender the pet to a local rescue or shelter if you cannot afford to pay for the veterinary bills.

    Pro Tip: When surrendering, mention that you are available and interested in fostering! This may make it so you can continue to care for the animal, while it gains access to the valuable resources (such as spaying and neutering, as well as vaccines) offered by local pet rescues.

    Spread the Word to Find The Owners

    If you choose not to surrender the animal to your local shelter, utilize social media, community bulletin boards, and other platforms to spread the word and help locate the dog’s owner.

    Post pictures and descriptions of the dog on social media platforms, community bulletin boards, and lost pet websites. You can also contact local veterinarians, pet stores, and grooming salons to see if anyone recognizes the dog or has any information about its owner.

    9 1

    I Found a Stray Dog, Can I Keep It?

    If efforts to locate the dog’s owner are unsuccessful or if the owner is unable to be found, you may consider adopting the stray dog yourself or helping to find it a new home.

    Don’t immediately jump to keeping the pet, however. You must make reasonable efforts towards finding the original owner, first.

    Before making this decision to keep a stray that you found, consider factors such as your ability to provide for the dog’s needs, your living situation, and any existing pets you may have. If adoption isn’t feasible for you, reach out to local animal rescue organizations or shelters to see if they can help find a permanent home for the dog.

    Being Prepared for the Unexpected

    Stay flexible and trust your instincts as you navigate the complexities of helping a stray dog in need. Remember that every situation is unique, and there’s no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to helping a stray dog. Be prepared for the unexpected, and trust your instincts when it comes to assessing the dog’s needs and determining the best course of action.

    Your efforts to help a stray dog in need can make a world of difference in its life and the lives of those around you.

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    Preventing Dog Bites, Disease, and Aggression with Other Pets

    When interacting with a stray dog, it’s crucial to take precautions to prevent dog bites, the transmission of diseases, and potential conflicts with other pets in your home. Here are some tips to minimize risks:

    • Approach with Caution: Always approach a stray dog slowly and calmly, allowing it to assess you and your intentions. Avoid making sudden movements or loud noises that could startle the dog and trigger defensive behavior.
    • Maintain Distance: If the stray dog shows signs of aggression or fear, such as growling, baring teeth, or backing away, give it space and avoid attempting to touch or handle it. Respect the dog’s boundaries and avoid escalating the situation.
    • Avoid Direct Eye Contact: Direct eye contact can be perceived as a threat by dogs, especially those that are fearful or defensive. Instead, avert your gaze and allow the dog to approach you on its terms.
    • Offer Food and Water Safely: If you need to provide food and water to the stray dog, do so from a safe distance or use a long-handled utensil to avoid putting yourself at risk of being bitten. Place the food and water in a secure location where the dog can access it without feeling threatened.
    • Wash Hands Thoroughly: After interacting with a stray dog, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to reduce the risk of transmitting any potential diseases or parasites to yourself or other pets in your home.
    • Introduce Slowly to Other Pets: If you decide to bring a stray dog into your home, introduce it to your existing pets gradually and under controlled circumstances, only if the stray does not seem stressed, anxious, or aggressive. Keep them separated initially and supervise their interactions closely to prevent conflicts or aggression, if you do decide to introduce them. It’s best to keep stray dogs and your house pets completely apart until the veterinarian has treated the stray.

    By taking these precautions, you can help ensure the safety and well-being of both yourself and the stray dog, while also minimizing the risk of negative interactions with other pets in your home.

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    What Should I Do If I Find a Dog That is Tied Up?

    If you come across an abandoned animal that is tied up, it’s essential to approach the situation with caution and prioritize the safety of both yourself and the animal.

    It’s very important first to assess if the tied-up dog is abandoned and not just tied out for some exercise. Many people tie their pets out for several reasons (such as fence jumping or aggression) and it’s not always a bad thing!

    Before taking any action, consider property boundaries and the potential for trespassing. Ensure that you have permission to be on the property and that you are not putting yourself at risk of legal consequences.

    If you are concerned about the property owner, contact the authorities!

    If it’s safe to do so, provide the animal with food and water to alleviate hunger and thirst. You can use a stick to push a bowl of food or water towards them. Proceed slowly and speak softly to avoid startling the animal.

    If the animal is tied up, the animal seems safe to approach, and you have the authority to do so, place a slip lead over the dog’s head and then carefully untie or free it from any restraints.

    If you’re unable to safely intervene or if the situation requires immediate attention, contact your local animal control agency or animal shelter for assistance. Documenting the situation with photos or videos can be helpful for authorities in assessing the situation and taking appropriate action.

    Additionally, consider raising awareness about the issue of animal abandonment in your community to promote responsible pet ownership and support for animals in need.

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    What Should I Do With Abandoned Puppies?

    It is not uncommon for people to abandon young puppies when they realize how much work they are, when they cannot find homes for them, or when the mother rejects them.

    This unfortunate situation is heartbreaking and requires a lot of care. Here are some key considerations:

    • Puppies have parasites such as hookworms and roundworms, which they may transmit to other animals. It’s crucial to keep them away from other pets until they have undergone thorough veterinary evaluation and deworming to prevent the spread of parasites.
    • Young puppies may need milk, especially if there is any chance they are under 6 weeks of age. You may need to contact a local rescue or veterinarian for guidance. They can become dehydrated very quickly.
    • Be Parvo Aware! Parvo is a deadly disease that is extremely serious and unfortunately common in young pups, especially if they haven’t been vaccinated. See a veterinarian immediately if the puppies appear sick in any way. If your pets aren’t up to date on their vaccines and parasite prevention, don’t bring the puppies into your home or yard.
    • They poop a lot and must be kept warm. If you think you’re going to put the cute puppies into a room in your house and care for them, think again. Young pups are messy with food and poop (which again, may contain parasites). They also need to be kept warm, especially if they seem very young. If you are not prepared for those scenarios, contact a dog rescue ASAP.
    • See a veterinarian, ASAP. Young abandoned pups must be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible. This can be accomplished at your expense, or by working with a rescue and volunteering to foster the puppies.
    • Keep them until 8 weeks of age, minimum. No matter how noisy, bitey, or messy they are, they must stay together until 8 weeks of age. If you work with a rescue, they will help you find appropriate homes.

    Here is a bare minimum list of “must-have” puppy supplies for raising a litter of abandoned puppies:

    1 1

    Can I Keep a Stray Dog That I Found?

    Keeping a stray dog that you found is a decision that requires careful consideration and adherence to legal and ethical guidelines. Here are some factors to consider:

    1. Ownership: In many places, stray animals are considered the property of their owner, even if they are lost or abandoned. Before deciding to keep a stray dog, make reasonable efforts to locate its owner by checking for identification tags, scanning for a microchip, and posting lost pet notices in the area where you found the dog.
    2. Legal Considerations: It’s essential to familiarize yourself with local laws and regulations regarding stray animals and pet ownership. Some areas have specific procedures for handling stray animals, including reporting them to animal control or surrendering them to a shelter.
    3. Health and Safety: Prioritize the health and safety of both the dog and your household. Ensure the dog receives necessary veterinary care, including vaccinations, spaying or neutering, and treatment for any existing medical conditions. Consider whether your home environment is suitable for a new pet and whether you have the time, resources, and commitment to provide for the dog’s needs.
    4. Behavioral Assessment: Assess the dog’s behavior and temperament to determine its compatibility with your household and lifestyle. Some stray dogs may have behavioral issues or require additional training and socialization to adapt to life as a pet.
    5. Rehoming Options: If you’re unable to locate the dog’s owner or if keeping the dog is not feasible for you, consider exploring rehoming options through local animal rescue organizations or shelters. These organizations can help find a suitable permanent home for the dog.

    Ultimately, the decision to keep a stray dog should be made thoughtfully and responsibly, taking into account the best interests of the dog and your ability to provide a loving and stable home. If you’re unsure about what to do, consider seeking guidance from animal welfare professionals or local authorities.

  • How To Teach a Dog to Stay

    How To Teach a Dog to Stay

    Stay Fido, Stay! Whether you’re a first-time puppy owner or looking to refine your training techniques, mastering the stay command is essential for a well-behaved and safe furry companion. If you are ready to teach a dog to stay, this quick start guide will have your pup standing still in no time!

    Included in this article:

    • Information on the importance of teaching your dog to stay
    • Step-by-step training methods, used by the pros!
    • Recommended products to aid in the process
    • Practical tips to ensure success.

    Sit, stay, and learn with us!

    teach a dog to stay

    Why is the Stay Command Important?

    Understanding the significance of the stay command lays the groundwork for effective training. Here’s why it’s a crucial skill for your dog:

    1. Safety: The stay command helps protect your puppy in potentially hazardous situations, such as near roads or around unfamiliar animals.
    2. Control: Teaching your puppy to stay gives you greater control in various scenarios, whether it’s preventing them from rushing out the door or calmly waiting while you attend to other tasks.
    3. Bonding: Training sessions provide an opportunity to strengthen the bond between you and your puppy, fostering trust and communication.

    Teaching a dog to stay is not necessarily hard, but it does require patience, consistency, and proper technique.

    Some dogs may pick up the stay command quickly, while others may take more time to grasp the concept. The difficulty can also depend on factors such as the dog’s age, breed, temperament, and previous training experiences.

    Chances are, this process will be surprisingly easy! The step-by-step guide on how to teach a dog to stay is below.

    16

    Teach a Dog to Stay: A Step-by-Step Guide

    Now let’s dive into the practical steps of training your pet to master the stay command!

    1. Setting the Stage:
      Begin training in a quiet, distraction-free environment to maximize your puppy’s focus. Have some irresistible treats, a sturdy long leash, and a convenient training pouch (my favorites are listed below) to hold treats during sessions.
    2. Introducing the Command:
      a. Start by asking your pet to sit or lie down.
      b. Hold your hand in front of your pup’s nose and say “stay” in a clear, firm voice.
      c. Take a small step back while maintaining eye contact with your dog. If they remain in position, promptly reward them with a treat and praise.
      d. At first, you may only move a short distance away. Gradually increase the distance and duration as your puppy becomes more proficient.
    3. Reinforcing the Behavior:
      Consistency is key to reinforcing the stay command. Practice regularly in different environments and gradually introduce distractions. Keep training sessions short and positive to prevent your puppy from becoming bored or frustrated.
      Don’t add distance or time until you are sure that your pet understands the word and what is being asked of them.
    4. Patience and Positive Reinforcement:
      Training a dog requires patience and a positive attitude. Avoid scolding or punishing your puppy for mistakes, as this can undermine their confidence. Instead, focus on rewarding good behavior with treats and praise to motivate them to obey the stay command willingly.

    Don’t be discouraged! Good dog training requires a lot of repetition and a lot of rewards. Your pet deserves your time and patience with this process. Thankfully, most dogs develop longer and more reliable stays very quickly when the training sessions are fun and engaging for them.

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    Recommended Products for Dog Training

    To facilitate your puppy’s training journey, consider investing in the following products:

    1. Treats:
      Choose high-quality, flavorful treats that your puppy finds irresistible. Opt for small, bite-sized treats that are easy to handle during training sessions. Recommended brands include Zuke’s Mini Naturals and Wellness Soft Puppy Bites.
    2. Long Leash:
      A sturdy long leash gives your puppy freedom of movement while allowing you to maintain control during training. Look for a durable leash such as the PetSafe Cotton Training Lead or a waterproof biothane tracking leash.
    3. Training Pouch:
      A training pouch keeps treats readily accessible and your hands free during training sessions. Select a pouch with multiple compartments and a secure closure for added convenience. Popular options include the Ollydog Backcountry and this Silicone Treat Training Bag.

    Some pets also benefit from having a target. This would be something like a towel, blanket, bath mat, or rug that they learn to ‘place’ on.

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    Tips for Success in Dog Training

    Here’s a list of practical tips to help you succeed in training your dog to stay:

    1. Keep Sessions Short and Sweet: Keep training sessions short (about 5-10 minutes) to prevent your dog from becoming bored or overwhelmed. Frequent, brief sessions throughout the day are more effective than long, exhaustive sessions.
    2. Be Patient and Consistent: Stay patient and consistent with your training efforts. Dogs thrive on routine and repetition, so be sure to practice the stay command regularly and reward your dog for their efforts.
    3. Gradually Increase Duration: Start by asking your dog to stay for just a few seconds, then gradually increase the duration as they become more comfortable with the command. Remember to reward your dog for staying in place, even if it’s just for a short time.
    4. Use a Release Cue: Introduce a release cue, such as “okay” or “free,” to let your dog know when it’s okay to move again after staying in place. This helps clarify the end of the stay command and prevents confusion.
    5. Practice in Different Environments: Practice the stay command in various locations and situations to generalize the behavior. Start in quiet environments and gradually add distractions, such as other people, dogs, or noises, to challenge your dog’s focus.
    6. Incorporate Distance and Movement: Once your dog is comfortable staying in place, gradually increase the distance between you and your dog. You can also add movement by walking around your dog while they stay, reinforcing their ability to maintain focus regardless of your position.
    7. Use Positive Reinforcement: Reward your dog generously with treats, praise, and affection when they successfully stay in place. Positive reinforcement helps strengthen the desired behavior and encourages your dog to repeat it in the future.
    8. Stay Calm and Confident: Dogs are highly attuned to their owners’ emotions, so remain calm, patient, and confident during training sessions. Your demeanor can influence your dog’s behavior and ability to learn effectively.
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    Stay, Fido, Stay!

    Congratulations on taking the initiative to teach your pet the valuable skill of staying put.

    Remember to celebrate each small milestone along the way and enjoy the journey of bonding with your furry companion through training. Happy teaching!

  • I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Three

    I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Three

    Welcome to the third installment of my series uncovering the controversial and misleading aspects of the documentary “Pet Fooled.”

    In this chapter, I’m going explore the intricacies of pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and the rise of holistic pet food elitism.

    Join me as I dissect the narrative presented in “Pet Fooled,” aiming to separate fact from fiction and shed light on the complexities of pet nutrition.

    In case you missed it, I’ve linked Part One and Part TWO below!

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    Pet Fooled Recalls

    In Pet Fooled, the narrator digs into pet food recalls, in particular notable ones such as Pentobarbital (euthanasia drug) and Melamine, which I will cover in depth below.

    The narrator recounts the poignant narratives of several pet owners deeply entangled in legal proceedings linked to these specific incidents.

    While these issues in pet food are inexcusable, there have been many dangerous problems associated with raw pet food, too, including bacterial contamination, nutrient deficiencies, and high copper levels. 1

    Pet Fooled advocates for raw feeding as a solution to what it perceives as shortcomings and safety problems related to commercial pet food. The documentary suggests that raw diets, which typically consist of uncooked meat, bones, and organs, mimic the natural diet of wild animals and offer superior nutrition for pets.

    Consider Darwin’s raw food2 . This brand is promoted in the film as a safe food “free of pathogens”. Their use of a chemical called “PAA – Peroxyacetic Acid)” 3 is not approved for use in pet food, and the company is well-known for its blatant and public refusal to recall contaminated food.

    I believe the overriding theme here is that pet parents should be concerned about recalls and food manufacturing processes. However, Pet Fooled significantly neglects to address the substantial contributions of raw and boutique pet food brands to this issue.

    Here is a great video that covers the issues with Darwin’s Raw Pet Food in more detail:

    @erdvm

    Replying to @Renn an absolutely interesting read! I’ve pointed out in previous videos that many raw food companies want salmonella to be allowed in pet food…to the point of suing the organizations to allow it. Their argument is not all salmonella is pathogenic. But what happens when a prominent raw company tests positive for pathogenic salmonella? Turns out…nothing good. There may one day be studies about PAA in raw pet food that make this discussion a moot point. Unfortunately, until then this raw food company uses an unapproved product on their pet food, ignores calls to recall their food and misleads their consumers about pets falling ill.

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    The Melamine Pet Food Recall

    The melamine pet food recall of 2007 stands as one of the most significant incidents in the history of pet food safety.

    It originated when an ingredient manufacturer deliberately adulterated their products with melamine, a toxic chemical compound used in plastics and fertilizers. Melamine had been added to wheat gluten and rice protein concentrate to artificially inflate the protein content, making the products appear more nutritious.

    This ingredient was sold by the supplier for use in both human and pet foods. In other words, it was “human grade”.

    Tragically, this adulteration led to widespread contamination of pet food, affecting over 150 brands and resulting in the illness and death of many pets across the United States.

    The contamination was eventually traced back to suppliers in China, sparking a massive recall of pet food products by the FDA. 4

    The melamine pet food recall served as a wake-up call for the pet food industry, highlighting the importance of robust quality control measures, transparency in the supply chain, and regulatory oversight to ensure the safety and integrity of pet food products.

    Adulterants like melamine and pentobarbital should never be present in pet food. Because of this, pet food companies, unfortunately, may not have been previously aware of the need to test for these particular substances. There are thousands of potential contaminants that might affect any kind of food on the market, including fresh and raw.

    Pet Fooled portrays the melamine recall as evidence that commercial kibble pet food is inherently unsafe, while blatantly overlooking the crucial role that the recall ultimately played in enhancing the safety of pet food products.

    The melamine pet food recall happened 18 years ago at this point, and many changes have been made since that time. Many (though not all) pet food companies have overhauled their sourcing and ingredient testing protocols, and that’s a positive move in the right direction.

    pexels jozef feher 1694156 1

    Pentobarbital Euthanasia Drug in Pet Food Recall

    The pentobarbital recall 5 refers to a series of incidents where, before the melamine recall, traces of pentobarbital, a euthanasia drug, were found in certain pet food products.

    This contamination, like the melamine one, had originated from a single supplier whose ingredients contaminated multiple brands of food manufactured by Smuckers and Evangers. Champion Pet Foods (the maker of Orijen/Acana) had also used the tainted ingredient, however, they chose not to recall it.

    Pentobarbital is sometimes used to euthanize animals, and its presence in pet food products raised questions about how it could have entered the supply chain. I covered this topic in depth, in an article titled “Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food”.6

    The FDA maintains a zero-tolerance policy for pentobarbital in pet food and contrary to what is implied in Pet Fooled, this is not an ongoing or concerning problem.

    Milo’s Chicken Jerky and Pet Fooled

    Pet Fooled also talks about the social frenzy surrounding Milo’s Chicken Jerky treats, which lasted nearly 6 years.

    The convergence of social media proliferation and heightened concerns about manufacturing processes and ingredient sourcing have created an ideal environment for pet owners to attribute illnesses to pet food and treats.

    We saw this play out again in 2023-2024 with the “Purina Panic”7, a now-debunked social media phenomenon that led to thousands of people blaming Purina and other kibble brands for their pets veterinary problems and deaths.

    A family highlighted in Pet Fooled attributed the death of their pet to Milo’s Chicken Jerky.

    However, their pet’s demise was actually due to a common condition known as “bloat” or “GDV” (gastric dilatation-volvulus), which affects large and giant breed dogs. This condition, often genetic, involves the dog’s stomach flipping, and the consumption of chicken jerky would have been unrelated to its occurrence in their pet.

    The FDA looked into the reports and complaints and found nothing wrong with Milo’s treats until 2013 when trace amounts of antibiotics were found. They were recalled again in 2018 for elevated levels of beef thyroid hormone.

    Neither of these contaminants would be associated with deaths or severe illness, and while both of those are inexcusable from a manufacturing standpoint, stories of widespread harm remain unproven.

    pexels soner arkan 13337125

    Social Media & Its Role in Creating Panic

    In the aftermath of the Melamine recall, single instances of pet illness have repeatedly triggered widespread social media frenzies or specific brands and ingredients.

    This happens with human food, too. Just look at how anecdotal reports and unfounded public fears of MSG in food from Asian restaurants fueled both misinformation and racism.

    These social media frenzies often lead to rapid dissemination of information, with pet owners sharing anecdotes and experiences, often without full context or verification.

    Influencers jump in and leverage the panic to promote treatments, supplements, and alternatives.

    While it’s essential for pet owners to stay informed and advocate for their pets’ health, the proliferation of unverified information can also fuel unnecessary panic and misinformation.

    In many cases, a single story of illness can quickly snowball into widespread fear and distrust of specific pet food brands or ingredients.

    However, it’s important to approach such incidents critically and seek out reliable sources and evidence-based information before drawing conclusions or making decisions about pet nutrition.

    Pet Food Manufacturers Sourcing & Quality Control

    For pet owners rightfully concerned about the sourcing practices of pet food companies, the most effective approach is to inquire directly. Regrettably, misinformation often circulates implying that certain brands source all of their ingredients from low-quality suppliers or China.

    However, without thoroughly investigating each company’s actual practices, it’s challenging to ascertain the validity of such claims.

    As part of my ongoing commitment to finding the truth about pet food, I found this incredible document from Nestle Purina8, which outlines their responsible sourcing standard in depth. This document is a great example of what you want to see from a pet food company.

    As mentioned in part two, a demand for transparency is important. This demand must hold small boutique and raw pet food companies to the same standard.

    Here are some things pet parents can do:

    • Ask the brand how many quality checks are performed each day, across all stages of production.
    • Verify that the brand is keeping batch samples and lab testing the food often for nutrient levels and contamination.
    • Look into the company recall history, and determine if the recalls were a sign of due diligence and a commitment to pet safety, or if they signal a bigger problem with quality control.
    • Verify that the brand has multiple highly qualified food safety, nutrition research, veterinarians, and board-certified nutritionists on staff who stand behind the food because they put their hard-earned education, sweat, and tears into it.

    Dr. Em is a practicing veterinarian who posts science-backed information about pet health, including nutrition. This video on choosing pet food should provide valuable insight, and balance the often controversial and misleading content promoted by “Pet Fooled”.

    Veterinary Prescription Diets

    In “Pet Fooled,” veterinary prescription diets are subjected to scrutiny, with the documentary casting doubt on their formulation, marketing, and suitability for pets’ health needs.

    However, it’s essential to recognize that veterinary prescription diets are meticulously formulated to address specific health conditions in pets, such as kidney disease, urinary tract issues, and food allergies.

    These diets undergo rigorous testing and adhere to strict nutritional standards to ensure their efficacy and safety under veterinary supervision.

    While “Pet Fooled” may question the ingredients used in these diets, it’s important to understand that ingredients such as hydrolyzed proteins, novel proteins, and therapeutic additives serve specific therapeutic purposes and are recommended by veterinary professionals based on scientific evidence.

    Therefore, while the documentary may raise concerns about veterinary therapeutic diets, these concerns are only based on emotional reactions to the perceived “issues” with certain ingredients.

    Pet owners must consult with their veterinarians to determine the most appropriate diet for their pets’ individual health needs.

    Dr. Em hits it out of the park once again, with this phenomenal video debunking many common myths about veterinary prescription foods.

    Holistic Pet Food Elitism & Final Thoughts

    Holistic pet food elitism, as portrayed in various discussions and documentaries like “Pet Fooled,” revolves around the belief that select “premium” and minimally processed pet foods labeled as “holistic” or “natural” surpass conventional commercial pet diets.

    The implication is that opting for anything other than raw, homemade diets, or certain premium kibbles may be seen as providing lesser care for your pet.

    Echoing this sentiment, Dr. Becker asserts that feeding anything else amounts to “nutritional abuse.”

    However, “holistic” and “higher quality” foods often come with a hefty price tag, placing them beyond the means of many devoted pet parents. Worse, many of these “better” or more “holistic natural” diets are unbalanced, may cause nutritional heart disease, can be subjected to recalls, and may contain pathogens and bacteria.

    Science, and history, prove this.

    “Higher quality” foods are not immune to any of the problems implicated by the film. They aren’t a magic solution, nor is there any proof that they are inherently and always better.

    My point is to say that shaming pet parents for choosing the food they can afford to feed their pets is never ok.

    Unfortunately, Pet Fooled staked a claim on that belief and used their platform to shame millions of pet parents into feeding their pets potentially unbalanced and often unaffordable diets.

    There are many affordable, high-quality options out there and at Hello Danes, we will never, ever shame somebody for choosing a science-backed, well-studied food like Dog Chow.

    While “Pet Fooled” raised valid concerns about pet food safety and manufacturing practices, it opted to sensationalize information, fostering an elitist mindset surrounding pet food selection.

    Instead of promoting an informed and balanced discussion, “Pet Fooled” contributed to the polarization of perspectives on pet nutrition, hindering productive and science-backed dialogue on this important topic.

    It is for that reason that Pet Fooled gets a resounding thumbs down from me.

    Footnotes

    1. Copper in Pet Food and Liver Damage ↩︎
    2. Darwin’s Raw Food FDA Warning Letter ↩︎
    3. Peroxyacetic Acid, not generally recognized as safe, used to treat Darwin’s Raw Pet Food ↩︎
    4. Melamine Recall of 2007 FDA FAQ ↩︎
    5. Pet Food Recalled After Traces of Euthanasia Drug Found ↩︎
    6. Are there Euthanized Animals in Pet Food? ↩︎
    7. Is Purina Harming Pets? ↩︎
    8. Nestle Purina Responsible Sourcing Standard ↩︎
  • I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Two

    I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part Two

    As someone who advocates for veterinary science and nutrition based on thorough research, I found myself drawn to the documentary “Pet Fooled,” which sets its sights on problems with the pet food industry and aims to promote the benefits of raw feeding.

    Given the recent resurgence of interest in the documentary, particularly due to the (now thoroughly debunked) “Purina Panic,”1 I decided to approach it with an open mind.

    What I found may be of interest to you, especially if feeding your pet a healthy diet is important to you.

    This is a multi-part series, if you haven’t read part ONE yet, go here!

    In part two below, I’m digging into the pet industry as it relates to marketing, FDA regulations, AAFCO, manufacturing practices, and by-products. As always, I’m citing my sources and striving to bring you ethical, honest, and truthful information.

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    pet fooled documentary

    Pet Fooled Documentary and Pet Food Marketing

    20 minutes into the film I found something I agreed with the producers on. If Pet Fooled had exclusively covered this topic and left the raw vs. kibble debate out of the equation, they would have had my vote.

    Pet food marketing often utilizes visually appealing packaging and persuasive messaging to attract consumers and convey the idea that their product is the best choice for pets.

    The colorful imagery of fresh meats, vibrant vegetables, and wholesome ingredients creates an impression of healthfulness and quality.

    Additionally, marketing tactics such as claims of using “super-premium” or “all-natural” ingredients, endorsements by veterinarians or “pet nutritionists”, and labels indicating specific health benefits further reinforce the perception that these products are superior.

    However, behind the eye-catching packaging and persuasive slogans, the actual nutritional content and quality of these pet foods may vary significantly.

    This problem is not isolated to kibble brands. Fresh and raw pet food companies do it, too.

    Pet Fooled raised an important concern about how marketing tactics can often confuse consumers and manipulate our emotions.

    However as they had done before, they then did a swan dive into the deep end.

    A montage of labels, slogans, and ingredients was presented as a means to tap into viewers’ emotions with the implication that all of those things are bad.

    It doesn’t matter how much research we have out there showing us that some of those perceived ‘bad’ ingredients are beneficial, there is no middle ground on Pet Fooled.

    Recall Dr. Karen Becker’s assertion in part one, where she contends that anything aside from a raw meat diet constitutes “nutritional abuse.”

    Like all things in pet nutrition, this answer is not that black and white.

    Pet Food Ingredients

    “Pet Fooled” emphasizes the importance of reading ingredient lists on pet food labels as a means of evaluating the quality and nutritional value of the product.

    However, they oversimplify the issue by implying that the presence of certain ingredients automatically makes certain pet foods inferior or harmful.

    In reality, the nutritional adequacy and safety of pet food depend on various factors beyond just the ingredients list, such as the formulation, sourcing, processing methods, and overall nutrient balance.

    Without proper guidance from qualified professionals, solely relying on ingredient lists to choose pet food can be problematic and may result in suboptimal nutrition or even nutritional deficiencies for pets.

    Without expanding so much as to bloat this article up with too much information, here are some veterinary nutritionist articles regarding commonly vilified ingredients such as corn and by-products.

    Tufts “Stalk About Corn, It’s Nutritious!”2

    Tufts “Don’t Be Bothered By By-Products” 3

    Veterinary Nutritionists (who are infinitely more qualified to discuss pet nutrition than a holistic wildlife veterinarian), prioritize the final nutrient profile and bioavailability over specific ingredients.

    Ultimately, the effectiveness of pet food hinges on its ability to deliver results, a complexity that far surpasses the debate between corn and organic farm-raised lentils.

    Here is an informational video, from a veterinarian, regarding corn in pet food:

    @erdvm

    Replying to @misiu Corn gets a lot of ire in pet food, often mislabeled as a “filler” or something with “no nutritional value.” We know that’s not true by the nutrient profile alone. Whole corn is typically not used in kibble, so saying “my pet defecates corn” is a silly argument. If you ate pistachios in the shell vs once shelled it’s a different beast all together. Corn gluten helps to acidify the urine, which is great in our cats with crystals. Corn oil has linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid – meaning dogs and cats cannot synthesize it themselves and it MUST be added to food. Corn oil is one way to do this. Sources: Dr Avi Deshmukh, nutrient profile for corn

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    High Temperature Kibble Extrusion, Cancer & Pet Health

    “Pet Fooled” raises concerns about the high-temperature processing methods used in the manufacturing of pet food.

    The theory linking high-temperature kibble extrusion to cancer and negative impacts on pet health is largely unfounded. While some critics suggest that the heat processing methods used in kibble manufacturing could potentially create harmful compounds or degrade the nutritional value of ingredients, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited.

    The extrusion process is carefully controlled and monitored by pet food manufacturers to ensure that it meets strict quality and safety standards.

    As pet owners become increasingly concerned about the processing methods used in traditional extruded kibbles, the popularity of ‘baked’ dog foods has surged as a perceived solution. However, it’s important to recognize that the baking process doesn’t necessarily eliminate concerns about high temperatures. Some ‘baked’ kibbles may be exposed to temperatures of 300-500 degrees Fahrenheit during production.

    Purina uses a low-temperature extrusion process. Most extruders operate at between 180-300 degrees Fahrenheit.

    When you bake muffins in your home oven, they are subjected to higher temperatures and for longer durations than kibble, which may only be in the extruder for 30-90 seconds.

    Additionally, numerous studies have found no direct causal link between consuming extruded kibble and an increased risk of cancer or other health issues in pets.

    This, naturally, circles us back to the questionable marketing claims propagated by pet food companies, influencers, and pet stores. They all vie to convince us that their product reigns supreme in terms of health, safety, and innovation.

    Yet, without substantiating evidence from rigorous peer-reviewed research and scientific inquiry, should we truly place our trust in those claims?

    Many veterinarians agree that a balanced diet, regardless of its form, is key to maintaining optimal health in pets. Perhaps a well-formulated kibble produced under tried and true quality control protocols and manufacturing processes isn’t so bad, after all.

    It’s essential to evaluate pet nutrition claims critically and rely on evidence-based research when making decisions about pet food choices.

    pexels jozef feher 2774140

    FDA Regulations on Pet Food in Pet Fooled

    When it comes to the safety and quality of our pets’ food, understanding the regulations set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is important.

    Pet Fooled slams the FDA, citing a lack of oversight leading to widespread problems with pet food safety. I’ll dig into this more below, but the narrator implies that all big pet food manufacturing is dirty and corrupt.

    The FDA Pet Food information page is available HERE so you can make an informed and balanced assessment based on the statements made in Pet Fooled.

    Pet Food Ingredient Quality

    The documentary questions the quality of ingredients used in commercial pet foods and highlights instances where low-quality or controversial ingredients are included.

    I’m glad I sat down and watched the documentary as well because the visual aspect of the film is intentionally crafted to provoke concern and emotion about pet food.

    The documentary features footage of decaying carcasses, animals in ditches, roadkill, and maggots, all interwoven with a narrative that suggests these “4D Meat” elements are commonly found in our pets’ food.

    Pet Fooled wants viewers to believe that manufacturers are regularly grinding up rotting dead, diseased, dying, and disabled animals to include in their formulas.

    However, it’s illegal for pet food manufacturers in the United States to use “4D” meat in their products. 4

    Pentobarbital (Euthanasia Drug)5 and Melamine have been the subject of major pet food recalls, there is no disputing this. These incidents originated with the suppliers and went unnoticed by the manufacturers during production. The critical oversights behind these major recalls prompted industry-wide changes.

    However, there is no proof of major corruption or widespread ongoing problems. The FDA specifically prohibits contaminated meat from being used in pet food, and many pet food companies have thrown out bad batches of food and issued recalls in compliance with these regulations.

    Remember, pet food companies cannot make money if they are selling us dirty food that harms our pets.

    To provide additional context, while the FDA maintains a zero-tolerance policy for salmonella in pet food, the regulations differ for ‘human grade’ food, where a certain level of salmonella may be permitted. Pet food is more regulated than human food when it comes to this contamination. 6

    Last week I finished an article called “Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food” that may be of interest. While the concept of shelter pets and decayed horses being trucked to the pet food manufacturing plant is sensational, it’s a myth.

    Why does Pet Fooled persist in propagating that misconception? It all boils down to financial incentives. By steering consumers away from properly formulated and safe kibble brands, they stand to gain market share for their holistic online courses, supplements, and food brands.

    @erdvm

    This is ALWAYS a hot topic when discussing pet food – recalls. Recalls are neither good nor bad, they just are. Obviously you don’t want your own food to be recalled, but brands should do quality control in order to ensure safety. No recalls does not mean a company is perfect – it can be due to a lack of an screening and underdiagnosing issues with said food. What I think is always very telling is when the FDA recommends a recall and the company refuses. This is a huge red flag as both a consumer and a veterinarian.#greenscreen

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    Transparency in Pet Food Manufacturing

    There are concerns about the lack of transparency in labeling, making it difficult for pet owners to fully understand what they are feeding their pets.

    Pet Fooled is correct about this. I’ve spent hours of my life tracking down nutritional information such as calcium and copper levels or who formulates the food, things that pet owners should have easy access to.

    It’s shocking how many companies simply cannot, or will not provide that information.

    Many others will use slick language to gloss over their responses to WSAVA guidelines7 for manufacturing and formulation processes.

    Don’t even get me started on the use of ingredient splitting to make ingredient lists look more wholesome! 8

    Having investigated well over 400 companies at this point, I can definitively say that it’s the smaller companies who are the least transparent. To give just a few examples, Diamond, Victor, AllProvide, Darwin, and Inukshuck have all been very difficult to get real answers from.

    Meanwhile, Purina, Hill’s, Royal Canin, and some other big players have been open, honest, and quick to respond with verifiable answers.

    A call for transparency requires that ALL pet food manufacturers provide nutrient, sourcing, and manufacturing information on request, to anybody who asks, and without fluffing up their answer to hide the truth. That’s something I can get behind.

    Nutritional Adequacy in Pet Foods

    Pet Fooled also addresses the issue of nutritional adequacy in pet foods, emphasizing the importance of balanced diets for pets’ health and well-being.

    Many raw pet food brands, which are championed by the holistic veterinarians featured in the film, do not test for or publish their nutrient levels. I find this to be quite ironic.

    AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) is not a regulatory agency. Instead, it is an organization that establishes guidelines and standards for pet food and animal feed. While AAFCO develops nutritional profiles, labeling requirements, and ingredient definitions, it does not have regulatory authority to enforce these standards. Regulatory enforcement is typically the responsibility of state departments of agriculture, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and other governmental agencies.

    The documentary questions the adequacy of AAFCO’s standards in ensuring that pet foods meet the nutritional needs of pets. It suggests that while AAFCO sets minimum standards for pet food ingredients and labeling, these standards may not always reflect the best nutritional practices for pets.

    In some ways, I agree with this. My investigation into Copper Storage Disease (which can be triggered by excess copper in the diet, a common problem with boutique and raw foods)9 is a great example of a situation where the ‘bare minimum’ regulation isn’t enough.

    Additionally, “Pet Fooled” raises concerns about the reliance on feeding trials and laboratory testing to determine nutritional adequacy, suggesting that these methods may not always accurately represent real-life feeding conditions for pets.

    Could feeding trials be better? Possibly! Is that an excuse for pet food companies to not do them at all? Nope.

    greyhound dog watching elderly owner reading book

    Part three is next!

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    Footnotes

    1. Is Purina Food Harming Pets? ↩︎
    2. Tufts “Stalk About Corn, It’s Nutritious” ↩︎
    3. Tufts “Don’t Be Bothered By By-Products” ↩︎
    4. FDA Regulations on Pet Food ↩︎
    5. Are There Euthanized Animals and Pentobarbital in Pet Food? ↩︎
    6. Pet Food is More Regulated Than Human Food ↩︎
    7. What Are WSAVA Guidelines? ↩︎
    8. Ingredient Splitting in Pet Food ↩︎
    9. Copper Storage Disease & Copper Levels in Pet Food ↩︎
  • I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part One

    I Watched Pet Fooled So You Don’t Have To: Part One

    Pet Fooled is a documentary that gained popularity in 2016 and has resurfaced on social media, drawing renewed attention. Pet parents worldwide are streaming it on platforms like Netflix and YouTube, prompting many to modify their pets’ diets based on the documentary’s content. Having never seen it, I watched Pet Fooled so you don’t have to.

    Why did I do this? Numerous veterinarians and researchers have voiced their opinions on “Pet Fooled,” but the consensus is overwhelmingly negative. They argue that it is misleading and riddled with inaccuracies, leading pet owners down the wrong path when it comes to feeding their pets.

    On the other side of the spectrum, many pet owners, natural pet stores, influencers, and a handful of fringe holistic practitioners praise and endorse the documentary.

    I was curious to understand the reasons behind the hype surrounding Pet Fooled. If you choose to watch it with me, I highly recommend going into it with an open mind AND a healthy dose of skepticism.

    Here is what I learned from watching Pet Fooled.

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    pexels blue bird 7210754

    What is the Pet Fooled Documentary?

    “Pet Fooled” is a documentary film released in 2016 that examines the commercial pet food industry and advocates for alternative feeding practices for pets.

    The film raises concerns about the ingredients and nutritional quality of mass-produced pet foods and suggests that they may be harmful to pets’ health.

    “Pet Fooled” includes discussions with holistic veterinarians and pet owners who provide their insights into the pet food industry and its impact on pet health. They advocate for alternative feeding methods for pets, and ask pet owners to “do more research”.

    What Veterinarians are Featured in Pet Fooled?

    1. Dr. Karen Becker:
      • Qualifications: Dr. Becker is a proactive and integrative wellness veterinarian with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
      • Her passion lies primarily in wildlife rehabilitation.
      • Background: She is known for her holistic approach to pet health and has authored several books on pet care and nutrition. In addition, she has courses, a community, and an online shop where pet parents can purchase content, supplements, and food.
      • She is well known for her association with quack Dr. Mercola and controversial journalist Rodney Habib
    2. Dr. Barbara Royal:
      • Qualifications: Dr. Royal is a veterinarian with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
      • Background: She specializes in holistic veterinary medicine and is the founder and owner of The Royal Treatment Veterinary Center in Chicago.
      • Dr. Barbara Royal has authored a book where she shares her holistic approach to pet care, offering insights and advice on nutrition, preventive medicine, and holistic healing for pets.
    3. Dr. Lisa Pierson:
      • Qualifications: Dr. Pierson is a veterinarian who earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
      • Background: She is a strong advocate for raw feeding and specializes in feline nutrition.
      • Dr. Pierson runs a popular website dedicated to feline nutrition education.

    It’s important to note that all the veterinarians showcased in “Pet Fooled” adhere to the “Holistic” and “Integrative” pet care philosophy, a perspective criticized for its tendency to reject mainstream scientific practices, avoid evidence-based approaches, and represent a minority opinion within the veterinary community.

    All three veterinarians who are interviewed in Pet Fooled also work as influencers, generating income through the sale of items such as food, supplements, online courses, memberships, and books. It’s crucial to recognize this aspect, as their viewpoints may be influenced by their financial interests.

    8

    My Approach to Watching and Debunking Pet Fooled

    As a proponent of science and a staunch advocate for evidence-based veterinary practices, I anticipated watching Pet Fooled might be challenging. I decided that it was important for me to keep an open mind, as many people love this film.

    I leashed up my muscular, athletic little Purina-fed dog, put the documentary on my headphones (podcast style), and started on the trail for an hour-long walk with Dr. Karen Becker in my ear.

    This allowed me to digest the information without frantically scribbling notes. My feet pounded the pavement as I took in every bit of classical music and the words that were fed to me in the documentary.

    Don’t worry, I later sat down to properly watch it, too. The visual aspect of Pet Fooled is part of its message, and I wanted to be prepared for it.

    Pet Fooled presents controversial narratives and makes a lot of questionable claims to support their position that kibble is unsafe, unhealthy, and not nutritious.

    Pet owners who wish to be fully educated about nutrition should continue reading below because I’m going to break this down and cite my sources. Dig in…

    1 2

    Raw Dogging Raw Dog Food

    Author’s Note: This article is not meant to be a kibble vs. raw debate, but I did feel it important to address the claims made in Pet Fooled. As always, talk to your veterinarian and feed what works best for your pet and family.

    In the film, Dr. Karen Becker is seen using bare hands to handle raw pet food from the company “Northwest Naturals” as she prepares meals for several dogs and cats in her home. A similar scene is repeated a few minutes later, when Dr. Barbara Royal is introduced to us while giving her excited, happy dog his dinner.

    It’s long been proven that raw meat, including that used in raw dog food, can contain bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Listeria monocytogenes, which may cause illness in both dogs and humans.

    Dr. Barbara Royal pulls a package of Darwin’s Raw Pet food out of a bag and says to her dog “Do you know why you don’t look 12 years old? Because your parents feed you EXCELLENT food…”

    Once her dog is finished eating its Darwin raw food meal, Dr. Royal gets on the floor and lets her pet lick her face.

    She says “Do I worry about them eating raw food and then licking me? No. I do not. [laughs]. Because the fact is, there aren’t any pathogens in that raw food. Because they’re careful with it.”

    So there it is. The first blatantly misleading and false statement in Pet Fooled.

    The truth is that Darwin’s Natural Pet Products has had a sordid history of recalls due to contamination with pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes (this topic alone requires an entire blog post).

    They have been in trouble with the FDA for refusing to recall contaminated products, too. 1

    The food seen in the film being fed by Dr. Becker, Northwest Naturals, was recalled in 20182 because of Listeria monocytogenes.

    Recalls for bacterial contamination in pet foods are not uncommon. Controlling pathogens requires exceptional quality control, especially for raw brands.

    Dogs can sometimes handle these bacteria without showing symptoms, but they can still shed them in their feces, posing a risk of transmission to humans. 3

    The vast majority of veterinarians express concerns about raw diets due to the potential for contamination, which can have detrimental effects on both pets and their owners. The AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) advises against feeding raw diets precisely because of these risks.4

    Dr. Becker claims that the dog’s acidic stomach is there to neutralize bacteria. However, numerous reports and studies show that dogs fed contaminated food will shed those bacteria in their saliva and stool. Those bacteria are not, in fact, “neutralized” but rather, are alive and well.

    One study found that human stomachs are more acidic than dog stomachs!

    @erdvm

    MISINFO MONDAY : dogs and salmonella -dogs stomachs are acidic, but humans are more acidic. Humans can get salmonella, which tells us the pH of a stomach isn’t the whole picture -bacteria like salmonella have found ways to evade the acidic environment of the stomach, making gastric pH alone irrelevant -asymptomatic dogs can and do shed salmonella, meaning it’s not killed by the stomach -there is no evidence that raw fed dogs have any immunity to this. The case I saw was a raw fed dog and it did not survive. One health tells us we shouldn’t just focus on the pet, but the owner as well. Salmonella is infectious to humans and we should be stewarts of health!

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    Not even 10 minutes into the film, I already have so many questions. The laissez-faire approach to bacterial contamination, especially coming from veterinarians (who should be very averse to disease and pathogens because they know what it can do to the body) surprised me.

    This doesn’t even touch on the subtle product placement. It could be interpreted as a clear endorsement for those companies, with both veterinarians and the producers likely receiving substantial compensation for featuring them in the film.

    I did try to watch this with an open mind, so I moved on from the misleading nature of those scenes and continued my journey with “Pet Fooled”.

    10

    Biologically Appropriate Diets for Dogs

    In the next section of the Pet Fooled, the topic of “biologically-appropriate” or “species-appropriate” diets is brought up.

    Dr. Karen Becker is a wildlife rehabilitation veterinarian, known for her expertise in treating and caring for injured and orphaned wild animals.

    Wild animals have very different dietary needs from domesticated animals. By its very nature, domestication changes animal’s gut microbiome and how they digest and utilize foods that are available to them.

    Genome studies are showing that domestic dogs have adapted to a diet that includes starches. 5

    In Pet Fooled, Dr. Becker claims that dogs “come from wolves and should eat a raw meat diet“, as if all of our pets were wild animals living in our homes.

    I went digging for the science on this one. Exciting innovations in genome research have brought us a lot of new information about our pets’ ancestors, and researchers have found that domesticated pet dogs need a different diet than wolves. 6

    The idea of a raw all-meat feast loaded with by-products (liver, bone, kidney) inspired by our dog’s wild ancestors seems nice until you consider that pet dogs live their lives indoors and don’t have to hunt and fight for their food every day.

    Dr. Becker ultimately states that feeding pets a “non-biologically appropriate diet” (aka, kibble) as a type of “nutritional abuse.“

    The implication that the majority of pet owners worldwide are “abusing their pets” by feeding them kibble is significant. It’s sensational, misleading, and disingenuous.

    She explains that wolves and dogs share 99% of the same DNA. To put this into perspective, humans and chimps share 99% of the same DNA too, but you don’t see many humans consuming raw mice, raw monkeys, roots, bark, soil, and insects.

    Furthermore, it’s worth noting that the majority of raw pet food diets do not include scavenged trash, rodents, beavers, squirrels, insects, or other dogs (wolves will eat their dead). This is important to acknowledge, especially considering the “biologically appropriate” principle often cited by advocates of raw feeding.

    Domestication changes the gut and eating habits. Thanks to science, humans have benefitted from cooking and a sophisticated supply chain that offers us a wider variety of foods than ever before.

    Raw vs. Kibble Nutritional Research

    Dr. Becker suggests that the absence of research proving raw food to be the superior diet is due to “a lack of funding.” This deficiency in research is cited as one of the reasons why veterinarians refrain from recommending raw diets, alongside concerns about bacterial contamination risks.

    She then goes on to mention that kibble companies have “not produced research proving that kibble is nutritious and healthful“, but they have.

    Purina, Hill’s, and Royal Canin have poured millions of dollars into dedicated research not just for nutrition, but veterinary science as well.

    Purina sells one of the only foods on the market (Dog Chow) backed by a lifetime feeding study, and this is just one of thousands of studies done on pets and their nutritional needs.

    Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs – AVMA Publications.7

    One raw pet food company, Instinct, is aiming to address this by putting funds towards researching raw diets. This is a promising move in the right direction, away from speculation and anecdotes, but far from robust.

    10 1

    Do Major Kibble Companies Influence Veterinary Classes?

    Pet Fooled boldly states that big kibble manufacturers have a significant presence in veterinary schools, influencing the curriculum and shaping students’ perceptions of pet nutrition.

    The narrator goes on to mention that there is a lack of education on raw diets in veterinary schools, too. Of course there, is, there isn’t much (if any) legitimate research proving that raw is safe and nutritious.

    Because Pet Fooled only shared one side of this discussion, I’m going to share the other.

    While the extent of industry influence remains a subject of contention, transparency and critical evaluation of educational materials are essential to uphold the integrity of veterinary education.

    Understanding pet nutrition necessitates a foundation in science and research, and with rare exceptions, it is the major kibble manufacturers that are actively engaged in these endeavors.

    Numerous peer-reviewed publications by these companies have contributed a wealth of information, ranging from strategies for treating bladder stones to mitigating the risk of bone growth issues in puppies.

    Isn’t that what we want our up-and-coming veterinarians to be learning about?

    Advocates for raw feeding could occupy a similar platform and impart peer-reviewed research and knowledge to veterinary schools; however, they choose not to.

    Throwing stones at veterinary schools, practicing veterinarians, and major kibble companies without constructive contributions does little to support their argument.

    Here is a great video from a veterinarian about this topic:

    @erdvm

    I was tagged in this video, and as always I’ll hide the face/account. This is a fairly typical string of half truths and full out misinformation. They claim vets get one day of nutrition education, that it’s taught by certain pet food companies, and that we’re all owned by a corporate entity. Nutrition is more than a class – it’s the fifth vital sign. To say that nutrition isn’t a part of EVERY class shows a misunderstanding of both nutrition AND vet school education. A simple search will show most curriculums have a semester of nutrition, and those that don’t supplement it through other classes and clinics. It’s always so interesting that these people claim vets are somehow bought and sold by these companies, yet don’t extend the same blame to their discount codes or owning an actual food store. They directly profit off their misinformation, but vets are seen as the bad guy. I’m sure you’re tired of hearing me debunk these myths but they just don’t go away. They find some new way to spin the tired old lie. Why? They have no science or studies to back up their point of view, so they have to attack veterinarians and discredit us.

    ♬ original sound – Emergency Veterinarian

    Controversial Claims Made in Pet Fooled

    This concludes part one of my series on the Pet Fooled Documentary!

    I’ve summarized the key claims from part one below:

    1. Raw feeding is inherently safer and healthier than feeding kibble: While raw feeding advocates argue that it mimics a more natural diet for pets, there is insufficient scientific evidence to conclusively support the superiority of raw diets over commercial pet foods. Additionally, raw diets can pose risks such as bacterial contamination and nutritional imbalances if not carefully formulated and prepared.
    2. Veterinary education is biased by pet food companies: While it’s important to recognize potential conflicts of interest, suggesting that pet food companies universally bias veterinary education oversimplifies the complex relationships between academia, industry, and professional organizations. Veterinary curricula typically include a broad range of nutritional education, including discussions on different types of pet diets.

    These claims are contentious because they oversimplify complex issues and lack robust scientific evidence to support them.

    It’s essential for pet owners to critically evaluate information presented in documentaries like “Pet Fooled” and consult with qualified veterinary professionals before making significant changes to their pets’ diets.

    Note: This is a multi-part series! Additional articles in this series will be posted below.

    Part One: “Biologically appropriate” feeding, bacteria & pathogens in raw food, and the influence of “big kibble” on veterinary schools (See Part One HERE)

    Part Two: Pet food marketing, ingredients in pet food (including corn and by-products), manufacturing, AAFCO, and FDA regulations (See Part Two HERE)

    Part Three: Pet food recalls, veterinary diets, and holistic pet food elitism (See Part Three HERE)

    Footnotes

    1. FDA Advisory to Pet Parents about Darwin’s Raw Pet Food
      October, 2023 ↩︎
    2. FDA Recall Alert: Northwest Naturals Raw Food
      February, 2018 ↩︎
    3. Merck Veterinary Manual
      Salmonellosis in Animals
      ↩︎
    4. AVMA Policy on Raw Diets
      ↩︎
    5. Axelsson, E., Ratnakumar, A., Arendt, ML. et al. The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. Nature 495, 360–364 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11837 ↩︎
    6. Diet Shaped Dog Domestication, Elizabeth Pennissi, 2013
      “Genomic analysis reveals that dogs and humans walked similar evolutionary paths” ↩︎
    7. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs ↩︎
  • Copper in Dog Food & Liver Health

    Copper in Dog Food & Liver Health

    Recently, I was checking in on a Facebook group when somebody posted about their dog suffering from copper storage disease. This condition can cause permanent damage to the liver. It’s something veterinarians are seeing more and more of, and copper in dog food may be to blame!

    Copper Storage Disease has primarily been seen as a genetic disorder, occurring in only a handful of breeds such as Bedlington Terriers, Labrador Retrievers, Dobermans, Dalmatians, and West Highland White Terriers.

    The disease can also be influenced by dietary factors.

    Recently, liver health and copper disease have been receiving media attention. Dog breeds that are not traditionally seen with this condition are popping up with it.

    This topic has been covered by the AVMA, Tufts, Cornell University, and other well-respected veterinary organizations. As always, we approach articles with a research and evidence-based mindset. Read on!

    20

    Symptoms of Copper Storage Disease in Dogs

    Copper Storage Disease, also known as copper-associated hepatopathy or copper toxicosis, is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver, leading to liver damage.

    Common signs of Copper Storage Disease include lethargy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. As the disease progresses, jaundice may become apparent, characterized by yellowing of the eyes, gums, and skin due to liver impairment.

    Dogs with Copper Storage Disease may also exhibit increased thirst and urination, accompanied by a swollen abdomen caused by fluid accumulation.

    Learn more about Copper-Associated Liver Disease in this article by Tufts 1

    Behavioral changes, such as disorientation or seizures, can occur in advanced stages. Recognizing these symptoms promptly is crucial for seeking veterinary attention and initiating necessary diagnostic and treatment measures.

    Veterinarians can detect early signs of disease by tracking liver health through blood tests. Additional diagnostic tools, such as an ultrasound, may be employed to exclude other liver-related conditions if there are concerns.

    If an accumulation of excess copper in the liver is suspected, the veterinarian might suggest a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

    How is Copper Storage Disease Treated?

    Copper Storage Disease is treated with a strict low-copper diet and copper chelators which can bind to copper and remove it from the liver.

    The medications used to treat Copper Storage Disease in dogs are expensive and have side effects.

    For dogs that have accumulated dangerous levels of copper in their liver, however, this is the only way to improve their quality of life. Early detection is key.

    There is a lot of misinformation out there about veterinary diets such as Hill’s L/D Chicken Flavor Dry Dog Food (Liver Care) or Royal Canin Hepatic, but this is a great example of a time when one is necessary. These diets are professionally researched, formulated, and tested to treat specific health conditions.

    The alternative to a “prescription” low copper hepatic diet is home-cooked food. The only way to do this and fully ensure that copper intake is properly restricted is to work with a Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist and follow the custom recipes exactly.

    We always advise seeing a veterinarian if your pet has concerning or unusual health symptoms.

    For more information on how Copper Liver Disease is treated, this article is very helpful. 2

    19

    Does Dog Kibble Contain Too Much Copper?

    Copper is an essential part of a balanced diet. However, similar to other essential nutrients like Vitamin C or D, an excess can pose problems. Over-supplementing certain vitamins and minerals, including copper, can lead to toxicity in dogs.

    I dug into some of the veterinary articles on this topic, and yes, some researchers are concerned about copper in pet food3. The rate of Copper Storage Disease seems to have risen, in tandem with two major changes in the last 20 years:

    1. A switch from Copper Oxide to a more bioavailable form of copper, Copper Sulfate
    2. Pet food trends that encourage demand for extremely nutrient-dense “holistic” diets that contain a lot of organs, meat, and certain plants such as flax seed, mushrooms, and sweet potatoes

    While this trend is only a correlation (causation has not been determined), it’s worth examining. Let’s dig into both of those in more detail!

    1. Copper Oxide vs. Copper Sulfate

    In 1997, a suggestion was put forth to discontinue the use of Copper Oxide in pet food. This proposal stemmed from a study revealing its limited absorption and utilization by the body (refer to the study HERE).4

    Pet food companies, on the advisement of AAFCO, switched to other forms of copper that are more bioavailable.

    They are commonly seen on pet food ingredient lists as copper sulfate or copper chelates such as copper proteinate, copper amino acid chelate, chelated copper, copper lysine, and copper glycinate (among others). These refer to various forms of copper compounds with organic molecules bound to them for enhanced absorption and utilization in the body.

    This move away from the use of copper oxide was done even though there had not been widespread concerns about copper deficiency in dogs.

    2. Consumer Demand for Meat-Heavy Dog Foods

    In recent times, a growing occurrence of Copper-Associated Hepatopathy could potentially be linked to the rising consumer demand for nutrient-dense pet foods rich in animal-based components and organ meats, often referred to as “natural diets” or “holistic diets”.

    Organ meats in particular are high in copper (yes, this includes freeze-dried liver treats).

    It’s worth noting that while the concept behind these types of diets is that they are more “natural”, a truly “natural” canine diet is technically based on prey behavior and scavaging. For wild dogs whose meals must be chased or found, days can go by with very little balanced nutrition.

    Put simply, nature is not nice.

    Pet dogs fed commercially prepared and extremely nutrient-dense “natural” diets are often provided more nutrition in a compact package than was ever a reality for “wild” dogs. Additionally, pet dogs typically do not engage in the level of athleticism and endurance required by animals who don’t have the comfort of a warm home and ready access to water.

    The daily abundance of nutrients can pose health risks, as over-supplementation and over-feeding are recognized as significant issues in pet nutrition.

    Later in this blog, I present data on the copper concentrations in various pet food brands, and unfortunately, the findings often support this argument. Many expensive, nutrient-dense pet foods do seem to trend high in copper.

    Additionally, there is a trend favoring pet foods containing vegetables high in copper, such as sweet potatoes, further complicating the issue.

    Determining whether a specific formula contains excessive or dangerous levels of copper is challenging due to various factors. The bioavailability of copper varies among different forms, and its intricate interactions with other nutrients can impact how the body manages or eliminates the surplus.

    Here is an interesting and informative video:

    How Much Copper is In Dog Food?

    Different pet food brands and formulas contain varying levels of copper. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) establishes a minimum amount of copper that all pet foods must contain.

    However, AAFCO does not set a maximum limit on copper levels (unlike Europe, which does).

    It’s important to note that you don’t need to start scrutinizing ingredient lists or searching for low-copper diets for your pet based solely on this information. As long as a pet food meets AAFCO guidelines, it should technically be safe for healthy dogs to consume, regardless of the copper levels.

    Despite various opinions on copper in pet food, the reality is that there isn’t sufficient data to confirm whether excessive amounts are harmful to all pets. As a result, some veterinarians and researchers, including 13 who advised AAFCO against setting a limit on copper in pet food, suggest that pet owners refrain from excessive worry on this topic.

    NutritionRVN on Instagram has an interesting and helpful take on this.

    For dogs with liver failure, scientifically formulated low-copper diets known as “Hepatic” diets are crucial.

    However, for typical, healthy pets, following AAFCO guidelines should be sufficient.

    That aside, there is generally no need for an abundance of copper in pet food anyway. Thus, it may be advisable for concerned pet parents to avoid foods with excessively high levels.

    The potential impact of excessive copper levels in pet food on all dogs is not yet definitively established. However, erring on the side of caution by avoiding foods with elevated copper levels is fine if you have concerns about your pet’s health.

    How to Find the Copper Level of Dog Food

    In many cases, the only way to find out how much copper is in your pet’s food is by calling them and asking. While not all companies disclose this information, reputable ones typically have it and are willing to provide it upon request. (Keep reading! I’ve done a bunch of digging for you and made a chart below).

    Because we don’t currently know what a truly safe “upper limit” is, the goal should be to compare several brands and steer clear of those on the high side.

    When you are looking for this information, find it on a dry matter basis. This is very important, and something I cover more in-depth below!

    What is a Safe Amount of Copper for Pet Food?

    Some researchers believe that copper in over-the-counter pet foods should be capped at 25 mg/kg or 25 PPM. Currently, AAFCO establishes only a minimum amount, and pet brands are left to determine the limit themselves. 5

    The FEDAIF (European Pet Food Industry Federation) sets an upper limit of 28 mg/kg or 28 ppm for copper.

    It may be advisable to choose foods that stay under 28 mg/kg whenever possible. Knowing that all AFFCO pet foods meet the minimum copper requirement necessary for health (remember, pets do need copper in their diet), a lower number is preferable.

    During a recent wellness check for my pets, my fantastic veterinarian noted that over his decades of practice, he’s observed a rise in liver and kidney disease among pets. It’s become so prevalent that he now starts monitoring for early indicators of these conditions in pets age 6 and up.

    We can’t be sure if copper is the definitive cause of that trend, but it does give me pause!

    Here is an informational article from the AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) arguing that attention to copper levels in pet foods is needed. 6

    I did a little market research for you, and have shared the results on the table below!

    5

    Copper Concentrations of Popular Dog Foods

    I contacted the following companies directly to create a table, which is current as of January 2024. In creating this data, I intentionally chose brands and formulas based on the following criteria:

    • Popularity in different pet food markets
    • Word on the street (some brands are “known” to be higher in copper)
    • Range of formulation types and proteins used

    Most pet food companies have numerous formulas, so I pulled specific formulas at random from their product pages.

    Some companies post copper content on their website. For the rest, I contacted each brand directly for this information. This list below is the most up-to-date data (2024) on copper levels in popular dog food brands.

    As you’ll see on the chart below, the copper levels vary significantly across brands. Some appear notably high, while others are relatively low.

    Particularly, hepatic diets are formulated with carefully controlled low copper levels, catering specifically to pets dealing with liver issues or copper storage disease. I’ve included a few of those on the list for comparison sake.

    All values listed below are on a dry-matter basis, calculated with moisture removed. This standardizes comparisons between raw, fresh, and kibble products.

    1 Mg/Kg = 1 ppm. For example, 13.00 Mg/Kg = 13 ppm.

    Please note that just because the copper level appears acceptable, does NOT mean that the other nutrient and mineral levels are. Always verify the analysis for calcium/phosphorus too, especially when feeding large or giant breed dogs.

    Food Brand & FormulaCopper in Mg/Kg (Dry Matter)
    Annamaet Grain-Free Manitok 14.59
    Annamaet Ultra13.49
    Diamond Naturals Grain Free Beef & Sweet Potato17.00*
    Eukanuba Large Breed Adult13.00
    Eukanuba Large Breed Puppy 12.00
    Eukanuba Performance 30/20 11.00
    Eukanuba Puppy Food (Lamb)15.00
    Fromm Beef Frittata Veg26.37
    Fromm Bonnehill Farms Beefibowl Beef54.70
    Fromm Bonnehill Farms Turkibowls29.39
    Fromm Duck ala Veg13.23
    Fromm Gold Large Breed Adult13.36
    Fromm Heartland Gold Adult22.74
    Fromm Highlander Beef, Oats, and Barley17.67
    Hill’s L/D Chicken Flavor Dry Dog Food (Liver Care)7.00
    Instinct Raw + Kibble Blend Grain-Free Chicken 15.53
    Instinct Raw Frozen Chicken39.00
    Instinct Raw Frozen Rabbit 55.94
    Inukshuck Marine 2539.00**
    Nature’s Logic Canine Beef Meal Feast10.20
    Nature’s Logic Distinction Pork24.80
    Nutrisource Beef & Rice15.90
    Nutrisource Pura Vida Chicken & Brown Rice17.10
    Nutrisource Element Wild Range23.90
    Open Farm Grain Free Wild Caught Salmon19.57
    Open Farm Grass Fed Beef Gently Cooked26.88
    Open Farm Homestead Turkey Rustic Stew23.02
    Open Farm Open Prairie Raw Mix 14.67
    Open Farm Lamb & Ancient Grains17.12
    Purina Dog Chow Adult (Beef & Rice)12.40
    Purina Dog Chow (Lamb)15.00
    Purina ONE Large Breed Chicken & Rice14.20
    Purina Pro Plan Complete Essentials Chicken & Rice 16.90
    Purina Pro Plan Large Breed Chicken & Rice15.10
    Purina Pro Plan Sensitive Salmon Large Breed15.10
    Purina Pro Plan Sport 30/20 Chicken 16.10
    Royal Canin Hepatic (Liver Care)7.00
    Spot & Tango Fresh Beef & Millet20.90
    Spot & Tango Fresh Lamb & Brown Rice20.40
    Spot & Tango Fresh Turkey & Red Quinoa19.70
    Spot & Tango Unkibble Beef & Barley21.90
    Spot & Tango Unkibble Chicken & Brown Rice14.60
    Spot & Tango Unkibble Cod & Salmon20.10
    Spot & Tango Unkibble Turkey & Sweet Potato15.90
    Stella & Chewy Raw Blend Red Meat45.40
    Stella & Chewy Raw Blend Wild-Caught24.20
    Stella & Chewy Raw Coated Cage Free Duck28.43
    Stella & Chewy Raw Coated Wild Caught Whitefish21.56
    Stella & Chewy Dandy Lamb (Raw)49.00
    Stella & Chewy Super Beef (Raw)44.14
    Stella & Chewy Tantalizing Turkey (Raw)19.57
    Stella & Chewy Purely Pork (Raw) 33.30
    Victor Beef & Rice16.00
    Victor Grain-Free Ocean Fish16.00
    Victor Professional15.00
    Wild Earth Maintenance Golden Rotisserie 26.80
    Wild Earth Maintenance Classic Roast 20.70
    Wild Earth Performance19.80
    Zignature Venison15.15
    Ziwi Peak Air Dried Beef28.00
    Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Chicken 26.00
    Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Mackeral & Lamb39.00
    Ziwi Peak Air-Dried Tripe & Lamb51.00
    Ziwi Peak Canned Lamb24.00
    Ziwi Peak Canned Venison22.00

    *Diamond Naturals (Diamond, Taste of the Wild, Nutra Nuggets, Kirkland/Costco) provided me with incomplete and inaccurate information. This value may not be correct. I’ve included more information about this at the bottom of the post.

    **Inukshuck Despite numerous requests, this particular brand has not responded regarding the dry-matter analysis of their copper levels. The as-fed amounts (which they did provide) range from a minimum of 27 mg/kg to as high as 39 mg/kg. It’s reasonable to anticipate that the dry-matter value will be even higher. Inukshuck is known to be a higher-copper brand.

    There are thousands upon thousands of formulas and pet food brands to choose from. If you don’t see your food on the list above, contact the manufacturer and ask for the dry-matter copper value!

    Avoid any company that refuses to provide this information or tries to divert your attention from it. If a company cannot or will not readily disclose the copper level in mg/kg on a dry matter analysis to anyone who asks for any reason, proceed with caution.

    The copper levels in the chart above are accurate as of February 1st, 2024. It’s up to the consumer to verify those values, and to understand that the amount of copper in a food is not the whole story! Zinc, for example, can affect the bioavailability of copper.

    The amount of copper a pet ingests may climb with the addition of toppers, supplements, and treats as well.

    11

    Which Pet Foods Are High in Copper?

    High copper levels in pet food can be detrimental to the health of some pets, particularly for those who cannot effectively metabolize or excrete excess copper.

    If you have a breed that is predisposed to copper storage disease, it is especially important to avoid nutrient-dense foods and toppers that are exceptionally high in copper.

    While copper is an essential mineral for various bodily functions, excessive levels can lead to toxicity. It’s important to note that copper requirements vary among different species and breeds of pets, so what might be considered high for one could be normal for another.

    Some ingredients commonly found in pet foods, treats, and supplements that are naturally high in copper include (but are not limited to):

    1. Organ Meats: Liver, kidneys, gizzards, and heart
    2. Fish: Salmon, trout, and shellfish
    3. Nuts and Seeds: Sunflower seeds, cashews, and flax seeds
    4. Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas, and beans
    5. Mushrooms: Shiitake, oyster, portabello, button
    6. Certain cereals: Oats, quinoa, and ancient grains

    Pet owners should be cautious about feeding foods high in copper to pets, especially if they have conditions such as copper storage disease, liver disease, or are predisposed to copper toxicity because of their breed or pedigree.

    Feeding commercial pet foods formulated by reputable brands that adhere to industry standards and conduct regular quality control measures can help ensure a balanced and safe diet for pets.

    Many pet food brands have questionable practices that lead to inconsistencies in product safety and nutrient levels; copper, like calcium, should be well controlled. Additionally, many homemade diets (including Dr. Judy Morgan’s “Pup Loaf”) may contain excessive amounts of copper because of the meat and organs that are used.

    Pets with diagnosed copper-associated liver disease also need to be on a heavily controlled diet with low copper levels, such as Just Food for Dogs Hepatic Diet, Hill’s L/D Chicken Flavor Dry Dog Food (Liver Care) or Royal Canin Hepatic.

    Veterinarians and researchers recommend sticking to brands that meet WSAVA recommendations, including Purina, Hill’s, Science Diet, Eukanuba, and Iam’s.

    Copper Bioavailability, Goat’s Milk, and Zinc

    One study showed that goat milk (which contains copper)7, increased the bioavailability of copper in rats.

    The widespread practice of incorporating goat milk into pet foods, especially those abundant in meat and organs, may not be the healthy nutritional practice it was once believed to be.

    Zinc can increase the absorption of copper from the pet’s diet as well. If zinc and copper are not balanced together in the formulation of the pet food, it can cause health problems in pets.

    Both Zinc and Copper are commonly found in “Multi-Vitamin” pet supplements.

    A lot of questions are also being raised about the role of zinc in the development of Copper Storage Disease.

    12

    As-Fed vs. Dry Matter Calculation

    When calculating nutrient content in pet food, it’s necessary to understand the difference between as-fed and dry matter basis. I’ll try to break this down into simple terms!

    As-fed refers to the nutrient content of the food in its original, as-packaged, and as-fed state, including moisture content. (Yes, even kibble has moisture! Around 10%).

    Dry matter removes the moisture content from the equation to provide a more accurate representation of the nutrient composition.

    This distinction is crucial because moisture content can significantly affect nutrient concentrations, especially in canned, raw, fresh, or wet foods where moisture levels are higher.

    By converting nutrient values to a dry matter basis, pet owners and professionals can make more accurate comparisons between different pet food products.

    When evaluating copper content in pet food, I recommend comparing only the dry-matter value.

    14

    Can I Detox My Dog from Copper & Other Heavy Metals?

    If you are concerned your pet has been ingesting too much copper, you need to talk to a veterinarian.

    The concept of “detox” is often oversimplified or exaggerated in popular culture, leading to misconceptions about its effectiveness and necessity. While the body does have natural processes for removing toxins, such as through the liver and kidneys, the idea of undergoing specific “detox” programs or interventions to rid the body of accumulated toxins beyond what these organs can handle is not supported by scientific evidence.

    Many products and treatments marketed as “detox” methods lack rigorous scientific validation and may even be harmful. It’s essential to approach claims of detoxification with skepticism and prioritize evidence-based practices.

    If your veterinarian is concerned about copper storage or other liver problems, they will recommend an appropriate diet and may prescribe medication to help.

    Milk Thistle Detox for Dogs

    A common ‘detox’ remedy suggested by pet owners and certain influencers is milk thistle (“Silymarin”).

    Expanding on the limited efficacy and safety research surrounding silymarin, I’d like to note that while it’s often promoted as a natural liver detoxifier, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness and safety in dogs is limited.

    Don’t skip seeing the vet because “Susie on Facebook” told you to give your dog a “liver cleanse” with milk thistle instead.

    shallow focus photo of long coated white and gray puppy

    Low Copper Dog Food

    Low copper dog food brands cater to the dietary needs of dogs requiring reduced copper intake, such as those with copper storage disease (hepatopathies).

    These brands carefully formulate their recipes to contain minimal copper levels, ensuring the nutritional balance necessary for optimal canine health. Companies such as Hill’s Science Diet, Purina, and Royal Canin create specialized veterinary diets backed by research for this exact purpose! These foods typically require approval from a veterinarian.

    By providing controlled copper content, these specialized dog foods help manage copper-related health conditions, promoting overall well-being and longevity in affected dogs.

    For dogs that have not been diagnosed with copper storage disease or hepatopathies, it would be advisable to stick to well-formulated diets from brands such as Purina, Royal Canin, Hill’s, and Eukanuba. These diets’ copper levels consistently sit in a normal range, well below the European FEDAIC established maximum of 28 mg/kg.

    If you’re considering preparing a home-cooked diet for your dog with conditions such as copper storage disease or any other health issue, it’s recommended that you work with a Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist. Find one HERE.

    Voyager Dog Food (Formerly The Scoop)

    After losing a dog to diet-associated Copper Storage Disease, a veterinarian created a pet food company specifically focused on eliminating this problem. The brand claims to use no Copper Sulfate or chelated copper in their formulations, instead relying on natural copper sources from meat and organs.

    I inquired with Voyager Food for information on their copper, calcium, and phosphorus levels as this information was not easy to find on their website. Please note, that none of their formulas are appropriate for large or giant breed puppies.*

    From what I can tell, a Ph.D. Nutritionist was involved in the formulation of the food; however, it is unclear if that person is on staff or simply a consultant.

    Further, unless I learn otherwise, we can assume the food is co-packed in a large factory that makes many other brands.

    So while it may be a promising option for some pet owners, I’m not convinced it’s the best or only option.

    *Voyager Foods responded to my inquiry about feeding large and giant breed puppies, to which they replied: “At the puppy stage no, but we have seen the diet do great for that 6-month and up range. For us to meet that requirement  for puppies we would have to add a copper supplement which we truly believe would go against everything we stand for.”

    I would not feed this to any large or giant breed puppy under the age of 18 months of age.

    pexels katie salerno 33273 1

    How to Prevent Copper Storage Disease in Dogs

    Because research is still needed to fully understand why diet-associated copper storage disease is on the rise, and why some dogs are more susceptible than others, there are very few regulations or recommendations for this.

    Based on the data I’ve collected, I think it’s safe to say that the following practices could help minimize risk in some pets:

    • Feed a well-balanced diet with copper below 28 mg/kg, dry-matter basis
    • Take it easy on offering food, toppers, and treats that contain a lot of copper
    • Avoid regularly creating nutrient-dense food bowls that are loaded with high-copper ingredients such as goat milk, organs, flax seeds, mushrooms, and sweet potatoes
    • Do not give “multi-vitamin” supplements that contain copper and/or zinc
    • Reduce all of the above factors as much as possible if you have copper pipes or use well water that is untested and/or unfiltered
    • Stick to WSAVA-compliant food brands such as Purina, Hill’s, and Royal Canin
    • See your veterinarian often for checkups, and ask about monitoring liver and kidney health

    As always, if you are making a homemade diet for your pet (no matter the recipe), consult with a Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist.

    Are you concerned about copper in your pet’s food? Have you had a problem with a pet experiencing copper storage disease or health problems related to the liver or kidneys? Please leave your comment below!

    I, for one, look forward to seeing a LOT more research on this topic.

    Footnotes

    1. Copper Associated Liver Disease in Dogs ↩︎
    2. DVM 360 Diagnosing & Treating Canine Copper Associated Hepatopathies
      08/01/2018 ↩︎
    3. Cornell Researchers Warn of Excess Copper in Dog Diets
      Article
      By Greg Cima
      March 17, 2022 ↩︎
    4. Cupric oxide should not be used as a copper supplement for either animals or humans
      DH Baker
      The Journal of Nutrition, 1999•academic.oup.com ↩︎
    5. AAFCO Reaffirms Guidelines on Copper in Dog Food ↩︎
    6. Is it Time to Reconsider Current Guidelines for Copper Content in Commercial Dog Foods?
      American Veterinary Medical Association ↩︎
    7. Goat Milk Has Beneficial Effect on Bioavailability of Copper in Rats

      ↩︎

    *Diamond Pet Food Response to Copper Levels in Pet Food

    When I first inquired about copper levels in Diamond Pet Foods (a manufacturer whose brands include Diamond, Taste of the Wild, Kirkland/Costco, 4 Health, and Nutra Nuggets) they responded by telling me that all foods have 17 mg/kg of Copper.

    Having noticed that all other pet food brands had variable copper levels based on the formula, I inquired further. It seemed odd to me that every formula had exactly 17 mg/kg.

    It took them two days to respond, at which point a veterinarian returned this note to me:

    “The copper level is an average level based on the typical analysis across the formulas as the majority of the copper in the recipes comes from the mineral premix. Ingredients that contribute significant copper, such as liver, are not included in any of our recipes.“

    D. Wilhite, DVM
    Veterinary Team [Diamond Pet Foods]

    This clues me into two major observations of Diamond pet foods:

    1. They don’t have, or won’t share the specific copper levels of each formula (as they provided me with an “average” across all formulas
    2. Consequently, they might not be consistently testing and verifying copper levels in their pet foods through laboratory analysis, which raises concerns regarding quality control
    3. Diamond Brand does NOT meet WSAVA recommendations, as one of the guidelines is that the pet food company should be able to provide the nutrient level of all essential nutrients (which they have failed to do)

    During my discussion with Diamond regarding pet food, they indicated that they do not employ a qualified nutritionist (DACVN or PhD in Nutrition) on their staff and primarily engage with consultants.

    Interpret this information as you see fit; however, to me, it raises several red flags, especially if I’m concerned about copper in my pet’s food.

  • Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food?

    Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food?

    In the wake of the social media frenzy about Purina Pro Plan, I was encouraged to create a pet food safety series (of which this is the first installment). The topic of this article is about euthanized animals in pet food, based on a comment that I’ve seen all too often being spread around on social media.

    “Veterinarians and dog shelters sell euthanized animals to pet food companies. They are then ground up with their collars and everything, and put into pet food.”

    A surprising number of people believe this gut-wrenching theory. Let’s dig in.

    Euthanized Animals in Pet Food

    Are There Euthanized Animals in Pet Food?

    Unlikely. This is not a widespread issue, nor are there any verifiable reports that this practice is done intentionally by any pet food company.

    But as always, there is more to this story.

    The theory about euthanized pets in dog and cat food has circulated on the internet from day one. In all fairness, some variation of this scenario has occurred.

    Pentobarbital is a drug frequently used to euthanize animals, including pets.

    A handful of pet food companies have faced issues involving recalls and FDA scrutiny due to the discovery of Pentobarbital in their products. It all started in late 2016 when one pet died and a few others became sick after eating Evanger’s canned food.

    As a result of this, tests were done on more than a dozen pet food brands. The euthanasia drug was found in 9 out of 15 cans of Gravy Train.

    Evanger’s

    J.M. Smucker/Big Heart Pet Brands (Gravy Train, Kibbles n’ Bits, Skippy)

    Party Animal (Cocolicious)

    Against the Grain

    Recalls were issued, and a media frenzy on this topic began.

    The source of Pentobarbital in Gravy Train was determined to be beef fat, purchased from the JBS Souderton Inc. meat processing facility in Souderton, PA.

    JBS had also supplied beef tallow Champion Pet Foods (Acana/Orijen Brand), and despite the potential presence of contaminated beef fat in their product, the company opted not to issue a recall.

    Substantial inquiries arise regarding the circumstances surrounding this occurrence, the actions taken to address it, and the measures implemented to prevent its recurrence in the future.

    trent jackson PGgk TgIq7w unsplash

    Can Pet Food Companies Use Euthanized Animals?

    Reputable pet food companies steer clear of this practice by meticulously selecting ingredients and enforcing rigorous quality control measures to detect any adulterated or contaminated products throughout the entire production process, from sourcing to final inspection.

    The FDA specifically prohibits pet food companies from using meat sources that contain Pentobarbital1. Any trace of the drug renders the product “adulterated” and it is removed from the market.

    However, the lack of oversight in some regions has led to questions about the sourcing and quality of ingredients used in pet food. 2

    There is a growing demand for clearer labeling and higher standards in the pet food industry.

    It’s important to acknowledge that the majority of pet food companies prioritize the creation of a safe and nutritious product.

    Their emphasis on these aspects is driven by the understanding that without a strong focus on safety and nutrition, consumers would likely refrain from purchasing their products, resulting in a loss of revenue for the companies.

    To put this simply, while this has occurred in the past and could occur again, the risk is low. Especially if you are choosing pet food companies with industry-leading protocols for food safety, batch testing, and ingredient sourcing (more on this below).

    pexels jozef feher 1800314 1

    How Does Pentobarbital End Up in Pet Food?

    Pentobarbital can potentially end up in pet food through various avenues, including the presence of euthanized animals in the rendering process, which is the process of converting animal tissues into usable materials like fats and proteins for various industries (including pet food).

    If euthanized animals are not properly segregated from the rendering process, residues of pentobarbital from euthanasia drugs may remain in the rendered material and subsequently contaminate the pet food.

    JBS Souderton Inc., the provider of the contaminated beef tallow used in various questionable pet food brands (Including Kibbles & Bits, Orijen/Acana, and Evanger’s), faced scrutiny from the FDA.

    A warning letter to JBS Souderton dated April 23rd, 20193, reveals that repeated inspections of the processing plant uncovered numerous instances of cleanliness, sanitation, and sourcing violations, along with the discovery of Pentobarbital in product tanks at the facility.

    While JBS Souderton bears initial responsibility, the pet food companies that incorporated the contaminated beef tallow into their products also have significant accountability to address.

    3 1 20231129 211402 jpg

    Pet Food Myth: Shelter Animals in Pet Food

    The above information has led many people to conclude that all pet foods contain euthanized, ground-up shelter pets.

    To put this bluntly, that is a big stretch. There is no truth, let alone verifiable proof, of this claim.

    We can substantiate past issues with Pentobarbital in pet food, particularly among brands sourcing beef tallow from JBS Souderton.

    During an investigation into the contaminated beef tallow, tests for dog and cat DNA were conducted, revealing the absence of such DNA in the product.4 This finding indicates that the source of Pentobarbital likely originated from cows and horses. It was not from shelter pets.

    Beyond the brands that had Pentobarbital in their pet foods, any further claims remain speculative.

    Of course, sensationalism SELLS.

    The idea of using ground-up shelter animals in pet food is provocative, controversial, and deeply concerning to pet parents who prioritize the well-being and quality of nutrition for their beloved pets.

    It is also a broad, sweeping generalization that has caused needless and untold amounts of fear and anxiety for pet parents.

    pexels kateryna babaieva 3715585 1

    How To Find a Pet Food With Good Quality Control

    The trick to this is not to avoid commercially prepared pet foods. It’s to learn how to choose brands that are transparent, ethical, and have good quality control practices.

    It doesn’t matter how nice, holistic, or organic the marketing of that brand is; they are still subject to making mistakes and engaging in questionable sourcing and testing practices.

    To find a pet food with excellent quality control, consider the following steps:

    1. Research reputable brands: Look for pet food companies with a strong reputation for transparency, quality ingredients, and rigorous quality control measures. Your veterinarian is a good place to start, as they often communicate directly with certain pet food companies and have insider information about their plants, quality, sourcing, and nutrition science. Here is a great example of a brand with exceptional attention to quality control5, where they indicate that over 1000 lab analyses are done every day during all stages of production.
    2. Check for certifications & guidelines: Seek out pet foods that adhere to regulatory guidelines such as those set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).
    3. Review ingredient sourcing: Opt for pet foods that prioritize high-quality, responsibly sourced ingredients and provide detailed information about their sourcing practices. (A great example of a good sourcing page looks like THIS.)6
    4. Look for quality control information: Check the manufacturer’s website or contact customer support to inquire about their specific quality control processes, including testing for contaminants and adherence to safety standards. Exceptional pet food companies are testing at all stages of production, and maintain batch samples for some time after the food is distributed.
    5. Ask who formulates the food: companies that have several highly qualified nutritionists, food scientists, and veterinarians on staff are much more likely to produce food that is safe, nutritious, and bioavailable.

    Another valuable resource is the WSAVA recommendations for pet food manufacturing, which serve as a comprehensive set of guidelines for ensuring the production of safe and high-quality pet food. You can read more about choosing foods that follow WSAVA guidelines HERE.7

    play bow 181428759 resized 56a26a9c5f9b58b7d0c9ff08

    Final Verdict: Myth Busted

    This is a big jump. No, your neighbor’s dog, your local shelter animal, and some dogs from a hoarding situation down the street are NOT in your pet’s food!

    It is neither honest nor ethical to suggest that all brands incorporate ground-up euthanized animals due to the actions of a few companies that sourced low-quality ingredients.

    Has euthanasia drug been found in pet food? Yes.

    Have ground-up pets and collars been found in pet food? Not that I’ve seen, anywhere.

    Is this a widespread problem? No.

    Is Pentobarbital in pet food likely to harm your pet? No, because even if it does end up in the food, it is likely to be in very low and nearly untraceable amounts. While this doesn’t justify its presence, it does make the likelihood of harm extremely improbable.

    Each year, 300-400 new pet food brands enter the market, attempting to compete alongside a small group of popular legacy brands with established practices.

    The tiny handful of questionable brands that were caught with contaminated ingredients do not accurately represent the vast majority of pet food options available.

    My opinion? When it comes to pet food safety, there are bigger fish to fry.

    What do you think? Leave your comments below! Discussion is welcome and encouraged.

    Footnotes

    1. FDA Questions & Answers: Are There Contaminants in Pet Food?
      07/29/2021 ↩︎
    2. AAHA Notice About Recalled Pet Food Due to Pentobarbital
      02/16/2018 ↩︎
    3. FDA Warning Letter to JBS Souderton Inc.
      04/23/2019 ↩︎
    4. FDA Laboratory Information Bulletin on Pentobarbital in Pet Food ↩︎
    5. Royal Canin Quality Control Practices ↩︎
    6. Nestle Purina Responsible Sourcing Standard PDF
      07/2018 ↩︎
    7. WSAVA Guidelines and Recommendations ↩︎
  • 5 Dog Trainer Red Flags (and How to Spot Them)

    5 Dog Trainer Red Flags (and How to Spot Them)

    With countless dog trainers competing for your attention and hard-earned money, navigating the selection process can be daunting. It becomes even more challenging if you’re unsure about what makes a dog trainer good! I’ve compiled five dog trainer red flags, and am including some information to help you easily spot the warning signs.

    The dog trainer you select plays a pivotal role, impacting not only the training experience but also the relationship you share with your canine companion.

    If you have a new puppy or are facing troublesome behavior with an older dog, this post is for you! In this article you’ll find:

    • How to spot (and avoid )trainers that use extreme and one-size-fits-all dog training methods
    • What credentials and reviews to look for when choosing a dog trainer
    • Information about board and train opportunities
    • Humane dog training methods that work!
    13

    1. Extreme Dog Training Methods

    Mention dog training methods in any social group online and you will spark a massive debate. People are rabid about their dog training beliefs, and won’t hesitate to throw shade at others over it.

    Once again, life is proving to us that extremes are never good.

    I look at dog training like a big circle. In the middle of that circle lies the humane treatment of animals, common sense, critical thinking, and appropriate boundaries.

    Along various spurs coming from that circle are extreme dog training concepts. Some endorse the idea of never uttering the word “no” to a dog in any form, while others take a more concerning path, resorting to harsh intimidation and physical punishments.

    Dogs are sentient beings that deserve our respect.

    Here are two red flags to watch for when choosing a trainer:

    “Force-Free”, the Impossible Training Method

    Force-free dog training is one of those things that sounds nice on paper. In reality, the foundation of effective dog training lies in a force-free approach.

    However, solely adhering to this concept in practice often leads to dogs becoming confused and frustrated. In essence, freedom and choice are limited so that the trainer never has to tell the dog “no”.

    Unfortunately, for many dogs, that translates to a life confined to a leash, crate, or behind closed doors, while the underlying issues are never truly resolved.

    Ethical and effective force-free training demands a high level of skill—something many trainers unfortunately lack.

    Opt for trainers who prioritize “Positive Reinforcement” instead, as they are generally more open to employing diverse training methods tailored to meet the unique needs of individual dogs.

    Alpha-Dominance/Kuhler/Police K9

    These approaches fall under the category of “traditional” methods and are often featured on reality television dog training shows, such as Cesar Milan’s “The Dog Whisperer.”

    Old-school training techniques grounded in alpha-dominance concepts tread a fine line, bordering on dog abuse. Recognizing these methods as red flags is crucial when evaluating potential dog trainers.

    Key elements of these training techniques may include:

    1. Physical Corrections: Advocates of this approach may use physical corrections, such as repeated leash jerks or collar corrections, to establish dominance and correct undesirable behavior. Some trainers may even encourage owners to engage in actions like jabbing their dog, kicking the dog in the side, biting their dog’s ear, or holding the dog down in a submission position until the dog “gives up.”
    2. Hierarchy Establishment: The training focuses on establishing a clear hierarchy, with the owner positioned as the alpha. This may involve controlling resources, such as food and toys, to reinforce the owner’s dominance.
    3. Body Language Emphasis: Trainers may emphasize using assertive body language to convey dominance, including maintaining eye contact and using certain postures to assert control.
    4. Correction-Based Techniques: Punishment-based techniques are often employed to discourage unwanted behaviors, to reinforce the owner’s role as the dominant figure. Pet owners may be encouraged to throw bags of chains at their pet, or employ a shock collar at high levels so the dog yelps.

    Critics argue that alpha/dominance and other “traditional” training methods can be harsh and may lead to fear or anxiety in dogs. We agree. These methods are dated and have no place in modern dog training.

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    2. The ‘Quick Fix” Dog Trainer

    Dog trainers who advertise a ‘quick fix’ to behavior often raise red flags as these claims can be misleading and potentially harmful.

    Behavioral issues in dogs are complex and varied, requiring a nuanced and individualized approach. Promising swift solutions may indicate a lack of understanding of the underlying causes of a dog’s behavior or an inclination towards shortcuts that overlook the importance of addressing root issues.

    The shortcuts are the most alarming part of “quick fix” dog training methods, as they often involve extremely harsh and unfair punishments.

    Trainers who prioritize quick fixes may resort to methods that mask symptoms temporarily without addressing the core problems, risking long-term behavioral repercussions or potential stress for the dog.

    Pet owners should be cautious and opt for trainers who emphasize a patient, gradual, and comprehensive approach to behavior modification.

    Tread very cautiously with dog trainers who use the following phrases in their marketing:

    • “I guarantee that your dog will never do XYZ again”
    • “In just 10 days, I can put a STOP to all bad behavior in your pet”
    • “Puppy training classes are a scam. All dogs can be fully trained in just 2 weeks.”
    • “Most clients notice a dramatic and permanent improvement after just one hour of my training”
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    3. The Trainer with Limited Transparency

    Trainers who are vague about their techniques, hesitant to answer questions, or unwilling to provide information on their approach may have something to hide.

    Tread extra cautiously with dog trainers who will not allow you to visit their facility or observe them training other dogs, especially if you plan to sign your pup up for a board and train package.

    A lack of transparency can leave pet owners uninformed about the training process, making it challenging to assess the well-being of their dogs during sessions.

    Reputable trainers openly share their methodologies, experiences, and success stories, fostering a transparent relationship with clients.

    The Trainer Who Shames Other Trainers

    In tandem with a lack of transparency, tread very cautiously with trainers who spend a lot of time bashing other trainers and methods.

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    4. The “Nutritionist” Dog Trainer

    Many dog trainers take the opportunity to beef up their resume with a pet nutrition certification, allowing them to position themselves as experts when it comes to feeding pets.

    Do not fall for this. The reality is that a significant number of dog trainers are merely repeating information they acquired while obtaining inexpensive online certificates from non-accredited (and often controversial) sources.

    Dog trainers are not in any way qualified to be giving nutrition or health care advice unless they also happen to be veterinarians, veterinary nutritionists, or certified veterinary technicians with continuing education and credentials in companion animal nutrition.

    While their intentions may be good, it’s essential to approach their information with a degree of skepticism. If your dog trainer is shaming you for choosing a certain dog food brand or advising you to disregard your veterinarian’s guidance, especially when your pet is dealing with a health issue, consider it a red flag.

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    5. The Weekend Dog Trainer with No Insurance

    While passion for dog training is admirable, a lack of liability insurance suggests a potential lack of commitment and professionalism.

    Trained and experienced dog trainers typically carry insurance to protect both themselves and their clients in case of unforeseen incidents.

    Weekend trainers, who may only provide services casually, might not be adequately equipped to handle various situations or emergencies. Choosing a dog trainer without insurance poses a risk, as any mishaps during training sessions may result in financial and legal consequences for both the trainer and the pet owner.

    Pet owners are advised to prioritize certified, insured, and professional dog trainers to ensure the safety and well-being of their beloved companions.

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    How to Choose a Good Dog Trainer: Avoid Dog Trainer Red Flags

    Once you’ve eliminated trainers based on the red flags listed above, you still have many to choose from. Here are some essential tips to help you make an informed decision when choosing a dog trainer for your pet:

    1. Credentials and Certification:
      Look for trainers with formal education or certification in dog training. Reputable certifications come from organizations such as the International Association of Canine Professionals (IACP) or the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT).
    2. Training Methods:
      Understand the trainer’s approach to training. Positive reinforcement and “Balanced” training techniques are widely accepted and effective.
    3. Personalized Approach:
      Choose a trainer who tailors their methods to the specific needs and temperament of your dog. A one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective for every dog.
    4. Transparency:
      Opt for trainers who are transparent about their training methods, experience, and success stories. Avoid those who are vague, unwilling to answer questions, or lack openness about their practices.
    5. Observation Opportunities:
      A good trainer allows you to observe a training session or actively participate. Avoid trainers who don’t provide opportunities for you to see their methods in action.
    6. Understanding Canine Behavior:
      Ensure the trainer has a deep understanding of canine behavior, body language, and psychology. This knowledge is essential for addressing behavioral issues effectively.
    7. References and Reviews:
      Seek references from previous clients or read reviews online. Positive feedback from other pet owners can be a valuable indicator of a trainer’s competence.
    8. Professionalism:
      Assess the trainer’s professionalism, punctuality, and communication skills. A good trainer communicates effectively with both you and your dog.
    9. Insurance:
      Confirm that the trainer has liability insurance. This ensures protection for both parties in case of any unexpected incidents during training sessions.
    10. Passion and Patience:
      Look for a trainer who is genuinely passionate about dogs and demonstrates patience. A positive and compassionate approach contributes to a more successful training experience.

    Taking the time to research and choose a qualified, positive, and ethical dog trainer will contribute to a positive and effective training experience for both you and your beloved pet.

    Have you had great or bad experiences with dog trainers? Leave a comment below!

  • Stop Puppy Biting in 3 Easy Steps

    Stop Puppy Biting in 3 Easy Steps

    Ouch, puppy teeth hurt! Dealing with puppy biting can be challenging. While puppies are undeniably cute, they are not polite with their sharp little teeth. Puppy biting can be concerning for pet owners worried about aggression and frustrating for those trying to address it. I’ve boiled this down into 3 easy, effective steps, which can be used to stop puppy biting.

    Puppy biting is a normal developmental behavior!

    Chances are, your puppy is not aggressive. They are just learning about the world.

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    Why Do Puppies Bite?

    Many puppy owners worry about aggression when their puppies exhibit behaviors like growling, biting, chasing, and grabbing onto their clothes. That’s understandable! None of us got a puppy because we wanted it to bite people and scare kids.

    It’s important to understand that this rude puppy behavior is very, very normal and yes, it’s temporary! I’m sorry nobody warned you! Here are three reasons your puppy is biting a lot:

    1. Teething:
      Puppies, like human babies, go through a teething phase. Chewing helps alleviate the discomfort caused by emerging teeth.
    2. Exploration and Play:
      Puppies explore the world through their mouths, and biting is a part of their playful nature. They often nip during playtime, but it’s essential to teach them appropriate boundaries. (I will dig into this below!)
    3. Attention-Seeking Behavior:
      Some puppies resort to biting as a means of seeking attention. If biting results in a reaction, positive or negative, the puppy may repeat the behavior to gain attention.
    4. They are Tired: It’s important to note that overtired puppies tend to be the worst, too. Puppies typically need about 18 to 20 hours of sleep per day, and few rarely get enough! Encourage puppies to nap by providing them with a cozy, safe spot to rest. We love this
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    1: Replace Puppy Biting with Calm Behavior

    The key to this is SLEEP!

    Encouraging calm behavior in puppies involves implementing a consistent routine that includes regular feeding, playtime, and rest. Utilize a crate (like this Amazon Basics crate) so that your puppy has a safe, calm space to lay down.

    Handle your puppy gently to build trust, and reinforce calm behavior with positive reinforcement such as treats or praise.

    Never hit, pinch, scare, or shove your puppy as this kind of training may encourage aggressive and fearful behaviors in the future.

    Interactive toys such as a KONG stuffed with frozen canned puppy food can be a wonderful alternative to puppy wrestling and wild play! Kong toys are wildly popular among pet owners for a reason! They are durable and easy to clean, and dogs love them.

    A stuffed Kong also makes a fantastic reward for the puppy to enjoy while learning how to relax in their crate.

    Observe patterns in your puppy’s energetic biting tendencies. Identify specific times of the day when this behavior tends to occur; most puppies are pretty consistent about this! Get ahead of the ball by substituting those times with a more appropriate activity, and prevent the behavior from escalating in the first place.

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    2. Stop Puppy Biting with Appropriate Communication

    A common error that pet owners and children make when dealing with a biting, unruly puppy is responding with loud “NOs,” tugging at their clothes, running, and using hands to pinch, shove, or correct the puppy.

    While reading this article, you might reflect on instances when you’ve engaged in such behaviors this week. It’s a typical human response, but the reality is that these actions only serve to prolong and encourage puppy-biting behavior.

    Keep in mind that young puppies are quite immature. If we react to their immature behavior with fussing, shouting, and corrections that they don’t comprehend, the puppy may interpret these actions as play.

    Even worse, certain commonly advised corrections, such as using a spray bottle or shoving a thumb into the puppy’s mouth, do little beyond instilling fear associated with exams, teeth brushing, and grooming.

    Discourage puppy biting by practicing the art of ignoring. Demonstrate calm behavior by sighing, crossing your arms, and walking away. It truly is as straightforward as that.

    If you are consistent, your puppy will realize that you lose interest in them when they bite you. Allow your puppy to figure this out. It will make them smarter, stronger, and more independent in the long run.

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    3: Say Ouch & Teach Bite Inhibition

    Allowing your puppy to engage in biting and growling during play can be beneficial for their development.

    Puppies naturally explore the world through their mouths, and this behavior contributes to the learning of bite inhibition, which is their ability to control teeth and jaws.

    When observing young puppies, you’ll notice they bite each other with intensity. The bitten puppy squeals, signaling that the bite is too hard. This communication is instrumental in teaching puppies the appropriate force of their bites.

    You can replicate this learning process at home during playtime. When your puppy bites, say “Ouch!” and either walk away or reengage to see if the puppy adjusts. It might be necessary to repeat the “Ouch” to reinforce the message.

    Additionally, redirect your biting puppy to a chew or toy, further promoting appropriate chewing behavior.

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    When Do Puppies Stop Biting?

    Puppies typically start to curb their biting behavior as they mature, with significant improvements by the age of six months.

    That may seem far away, but time flies! The more consistent you are with your training at home, the faster your puppy will learn.

    Remember to teach your children how to deal with the puppy, too! Encourage calm, safe interactions and save the rambunctious play times for when your puppy is more mature.

    How have you stopped puppy biting? Leave a comment below!